mem-cache: allow prefetchers to emit page crossing references

QueuedPrefetcher takes the responsability to check for page
crossing references.

Change-Id: I0ae6bf8be465118990d9ea1cac0da8f70e69aeb1
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/14735
Reviewed-by: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>
Maintainer: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>

mem-cache: virtual address support for prefetchers

Prefetchers can be configured to operate with virtual or physical addreses.
The option can be configured through the "use_virtual_addresses" parameter
of the Prefetcher object.

Change-Id: I4f8c3687988afecc8a91c3c5b2d44cc0580f72aa
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/14416
Maintainer: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-by: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>

mem-cache: Make StridePrefetcher use Replacement Policies

Previously StridePrefetcher was only able to use random
replacement policy. This change allows all replacement
policies to be applied to the pc table.

Change-Id: I8714e71a6a4c9c31fbca49a07a456dcacd3e402c
Signed-off-by: Daniel <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/14360
Reviewed-by: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>
Maintainer: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>

mem-cache: Add invalidation function to StrideEntry

Add invalidation function to StrideEntry so that every
entry can be invalidated appropriately.

Change-Id: I38c42b7d7c93d839f797d116f1d2c88572123c0e
Signed-off-by: Daniel <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/14359
Reviewed-by: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>
Maintainer: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>

mem-cache: Make PCTable context independent

Move the unordered_map outside of the PCTable, as it
belongs to the StridePrefetcher. By doing so we are
moving towards a table that ressembles the ones of
the Tags classes.

Some functions have been moved from the prefetcher to
the PCTable, as they didn't belong there. As such, they
have been renamed to remove the unnecessary prefix.

Change-Id: I3e54bc7dee65e1f78d96b0d548ac8345b7bd4364
Signed-off-by: Daniel <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/14358
Reviewed-by: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>
Maintainer: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>

mem-cache: Vectorize StridePrefetcher's entries.

Turn StridePrefetcher::PCTable::entries into a vector of vectors.

Change-Id: I2a4589a76eb205910c43723638b7989eddd5ca24
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/14357
Reviewed-by: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>
Maintainer: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>

mem-cache: Return entry in StridePrefetcher::pcTableHit()

Return a pointer to the entry instead of returning a
boolean and passing a pointer reference. As a side
effect, change the name of the function to be more
descriptive of the functionality.

Change-Id: Iad44979e98031754c1d0857b1790c0eaf77e9765
Signed-off-by: Daniel <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/14356
Reviewed-by: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>
Maintainer: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>

mem-cache: Cleanup prefetchers

Prefetcher code had extra variables, dependencies
that could be removed, code duplication, and missing
overrides.

Change-Id: I6e9fbf67a0bdab7eb591893039e088261f52d31a
Signed-off-by: Daniel <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/14355
Reviewed-by: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>
Maintainer: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>

mem-cache: Fix include directives in the cache related classes

Change-Id: I111b0f662897c43974aadb08da1ed85c7542585c
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/10433
Reviewed-by: Daniel Carvalho <odanrc@yahoo.com.br>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <jason@lowepower.com>
Maintainer: Nikos Nikoleris <nikos.nikoleris@arm.com>

style: [patch 3/22] reduce include dependencies in some headers

Used cppclean to help identify useless includes and removed them. This
involved erroneously included headers, but also cases where forward
declarations could have been used rather than a full include.

style: [patch 1/22] use /r/3648/ to reorganize includes

mem: Add priority to QueuedPrefetcher

Queued prefetcher entries now count with a priority field. The idea is to
add packets ordered by priority and then by age.

For the existing algorithms in which priority doesn't make sense, it is set
to 0 for all deferred packets in the queue.

style: fix missing spaces in control statements

Result of running 'hg m5style --skip-all --fix-control -a'.

mem: Support any number of master-IDs in stride prefetcher

The stride prefetcher had a hardcoded number of contexts (i.e. master-IDs)
that it could handle. Since master IDs need to be unique per system, and
every core, cache etc. requires a separate master port, a static limit on
these does not make much sense.

Instead, this patch adds a small hash map that will map all master IDs to
the right prefetch state and dynamically allocates new state for new master
IDs.

mem: Change prefetcher to use random_mt

Prefechers has used rand() to generate random numers previously.

mem: Rework the structuring of the prefetchers

Re-organizes the prefetcher class structure. Previously the
BasePrefetcher forced multiple assumptions on the prefetchers that
inherited from it. This patch makes the BasePrefetcher class truly
representative of base functionality. For example, the base class no
longer enforces FIFO order. Instead, prefetchers with FIFO requests
(like the existing stride and tagged prefetchers) now inherit from a
new QueuedPrefetcher base class.

Finally, the stride-based prefetcher now assumes a custimizable lookup table
(sets/ways) rather than the previous fully associative structure.

mem: Add additional tolerance to stride prefetcher
Forces the prefetcher to mispredict twice in a row before resetting the
confidence of prefetching. This helps cases where a load PC strides by a
constant factor, however it may operate on different arrays at times.
Avoids the cost of retraining. Primarily helps with small iteration loops.

Committed by: Nilay Vaish <nilay@cs.wisc.edu>

mem: Allowed tagged instruction prefetching in stride prefetcher
For systems with a tightly coupled L2, a stride-based prefetcher may observe
access requests from both instruction and data L1 caches. However, the PC
address of an instruction miss gives no relevant training information to the
stride based prefetcher(there is no stride to train). In theses cases, its
better if the L2 stride prefetcher simply reverted back to a simple N-block
ahead prefetcher. This patch enables this option.

Committed by: Nilay Vaish <nilay@cs.wisc.edu>

mem: prefetcher: add options, support for unaligned addresses

This patch extends the classic prefetcher to work on non-block aligned
addresses. Because the existing prefetchers in gem5 mask off the lower
address bits of cache accesses, many predictable strides fail to be
detected. For example, if a load were to stride by 48 bytes, with 64 byte
cachelines, the current stride based prefetcher would see an access pattern
of 0, 64, 64, 128, 192.... Thus not detecting a constant stride pattern. This
patch fixes this, by training the prefetcher on access and not masking off the
lower address bits.

It also adds the following configuration options:
1) Training/prefetching only on cache misses,
2) Training/prefetching only on data acceses,
3) Optionally tagging prefetches with a PC address.
#3 allows prefetchers to train off of prefetch requests in systems with
multiple cache levels and PC-based prefetchers present at multiple levels.
It also effectively allows a pipelining of prefetch requests (like in POWER4)
across multiple levels of cache hierarchy.

Improves performance on my gem5 configuration by 4.3% for SPECINT and 4.7% for SPECFP (geomean).

mem: Add support for a security bit in the memory system

This patch adds the basic building blocks required to support e.g. ARM
TrustZone by discerning secure and non-secure memory accesses.

Mem: Use cycles to express cache-related latencies

This patch changes the cache-related latencies from an absolute time
expressed in Ticks, to a number of cycles that can be scaled with the
clock period of the caches. Ultimately this patch serves to enable
future work that involves dynamic frequency scaling. As an immediate
benefit it also makes it more convenient to specify cache performance
without implicitly assuming a specific CPU core operating frequency.

The stat blocked_cycles that actually counter in ticks is now updated
to count in cycles.

As the timing is now rounded to the clock edges of the cache, there
are some regressions that change. Plenty of them have very minor
changes, whereas some regressions with a short run-time are perturbed
quite significantly. A follow-on patch updates all the statistics for
the regressions.

mem: Add a master ID to each request object.

This change adds a master id to each request object which can be
used identify every device in the system that is capable of issuing a request.
This is part of the way to removing the numCpus+1 stats in the cache and
replacing them with the master ids. This is one of a series of changes
that make way for the stats output to be changed to python.

prefetcher: Make prefetcher a sim object instead of it being a parameter on cache

Prefetcher: Fix some memory leaks with the prefetcher.

trace: reimplement the DTRACE function so it doesn't use a vector
At the same time, rename the trace flags to debug flags since they
have broader usage than simply tracing. This means that
--trace-flags is now --debug-flags and --trace-help is now --debug-help

prefetch: don't panic on requests w/o contextID (e.g., writebacks).

Fixes to get prefetching working again.
Apparently we broke it with the cache rewrite and never noticed.
Thanks to Bao Yungang <baoyungang@gmail.com> for a significant part
of these changes (and for inspiring me to work on the rest).
Some other overdue cleanup on the prefetch code too.

Add in Context IDs to the simulator. From now on, cpuId is almost never used,
the primary identifier for a hardware context should be contextId(). The
concept of threads within a CPU remains, in the form of threadId() because
sometimes you need to know which context within a cpu to manipulate.

style: Remove non-leading tabs everywhere they shouldn't be. Developers should configure their editors to not insert tabs

Fix #include lines for renamed cache files.

Rename cache files for brevity and consistency with rest of tree.