arch-x86: ignore non-temporal hint for movntps/movntpd SSE insts

Making the implementation of movntps/movntpd consistent with other
non-temporal instructions. We are ignoring the hint here, and
implementing those instructions as cacheable instructions.

This change adds a warning to let user know about this workaround.
Also, this change add the address check for second part of move.

Change-Id: I811652b24cf39ca2f5c5d4c9e9e417f69190b55c
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/20408
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <jason@lowepower.com>
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabeblack@google.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <jason@lowepower.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arch-x86: Adding warning for movnti

We are ignoring the non-temporal hint here, and implementing this
instruction as a cacheable instruction.

This change adds a warning to let user know about this workaround.

Change-Id: I2e40437a44282fe9cf7772a25a8870bd8729a6ed
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/20428
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <jason@lowepower.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <jason@lowepower.com>

arch-x86: implement movntq/movntdq instructions

Non-temporal quadword/double-quadword move instructions.
This change ignores the non-temporal hint and instructions are
implemented to send cacheable request to memory.
This would have some "performance" impact (i.e. having some cache
pollution) to get better "correctness" in behavior.

Change-Id: I2052ac0970f61a54bafb7332762debcb7103202d
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/20288
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <jason@lowepower.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <jason@lowepower.com>

x86: Make unsuccessful CPUID instructions zero the result.

The previous implementation left the registers unmodified which is
technically correct since there is no defined behavior in that case or
a fault to raise. That would make what happened when the following code
consumed the result unpredictable because it would depend on what junk
values were left in the registers. This was originally not a problem
since the space of supported functions were tightly packed, but someone
added a new function with a gap without adjusting this behavior.

This change makes CPUID zero out RAX, RBX, RCX, and RDX when it fails.
That should be more predictable and cause less flakey failures.

Change-Id: If6ffb17c2969d34aff1600c0ffc32333d0b9be44
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/c/public/gem5/+/20168
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <jason@lowepower.com>
Reviewed-by: Pouya Fotouhi <pfotouhi@ucdavis.edu>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabeblack@google.com>
Tested-by: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>

arch-x86: implement movntps/movntpd SSE insts

These are non-temporal packed SSE stores.

Change-Id: I526cd6551b38d6d35010bc6173f23d017106b466
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/9861
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabeblack@google.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabeblack@google.com>

x86: Implement the RDTSCP instruction.

This is very similar to RDTSC, except that it requires all younger
instructions to retire before it completes, and it writes the TSC_AUX
MSR into ECX. I've added an mfence as an iniitial microop to ensure
that memory accesses complete before RDTSCP runs, and added an rdval
microop at the end to read the TSC_AUX value into ECX.

Change-Id: I9766af562b7fd0c22e331b56e06e8818a9e268c9
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/9043
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <jason@lowepower.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabeblack@google.com>

arch-x86: Adding clflush, clflushopt, clwb instructions

This patch adds support for cache flushing instructions in x86.
It piggybacks on support for similar instructions in arm ISA
added by Nikos Nikoleris. I have tested each instruction using
microbenchmarks.

Change-Id: I72b6b8dc30c236a21eff7958fa231f0663532d7d
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/7401
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabeblack@google.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabeblack@google.com>

arch-x86: fix CondInst decoding for MOV to Control Registers

MOV Rd,Cd is MR encoded but the control register is operand 2
not operand 1 hence this needs to be MODRM_REG not MODRM_RM.
While MOV Cd,Rd is RM encoded registers are also swapped, so
it also needs to be MODRM_REG as well (as it already correctly is).

This fixes incorrect UD2 reportings leading to invalid traps
reported in O3 on X86 FS introduced with 4e939a7 .

Change-Id: Ib33c8ba87b00e0264d33da44fff64ed9e4d2d9d8
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/4861
Reviewed-by: Jason Lowe-Power <jason@lowepower.com>
Reviewed-by: Gabe Black <gabeblack@google.com>
Maintainer: Jason Lowe-Power <jason@lowepower.com>

x86: Use the new CondInst format for moves to/from control registers.

The condition is whether the control register index is valid.

Change-Id: I8a225fcfd4955032b5bbf7d3392ee5bcc7d6bc64
Reviewed-on: https://gem5-review.googlesource.com/4581
Reviewed-by: Michael LeBeane <Michael.Lebeane@amd.com>
Maintainer: Gabe Black <gabeblack@google.com>

syscall_emul: [patch 13/22] add system call retry capability

This changeset adds functionality that allows system calls to retry without
affecting thread context state such as the program counter or register values
for the associated thread context (when system calls return with a retry
fault).

This functionality is needed to solve problems with blocking system calls
in multi-process or multi-threaded simulations where information is passed
between processes/threads. Blocking system calls can cause deadlock because
the simulator itself is single threaded. There is only a single thread
servicing the event queue which can cause deadlock if the thread hits a
blocking system call instruction.

To illustrate the problem, consider two processes using the producer/consumer
sharing model. The processes can use file descriptors and the read and write
calls to pass information to one another. If the consumer calls the blocking
read system call before the producer has produced anything, the call will
block the event queue (while executing the system call instruction) and
deadlock the simulation.

The solution implemented in this changeset is to recognize that the system
calls will block and then generate a special retry fault. The fault will
be sent back up through the function call chain until it is exposed to the
cpu model's pipeline where the fault becomes visible. The fault will trigger
the cpu model to replay the instruction at a future tick where the call has
a chance to succeed without actually going into a blocking state.

In subsequent patches, we recognize that a syscall will block by calling a
non-blocking poll (from inside the system call implementation) and checking
for events. When events show up during the poll, it signifies that the call
would not have blocked and the syscall is allowed to proceed (calling an
underlying host system call if necessary). If no events are returned from the
poll, we generate the fault and try the instruction for the thread context
at a distant tick. Note that retrying every tick is not efficient.

As an aside, the simulator has some multi-threading support for the event
queue, but it is not used by default and needs work. Even if the event queue
was completely multi-threaded, meaning that there is a hardware thread on
the host servicing a single simulator thread contexts with a 1:1 mapping
between them, it's still possible to run into deadlock due to the event queue
barriers on quantum boundaries. The solution of replaying at a later tick
is the simplest solution and solves the problem generally.

dev: Add m5 op to toggle synchronization for dist-gem5.
This patch adds the ability for an application to request dist-gem5 to begin/
end synchronization using an m5 op. When toggling on sync, all nodes agree
on the next sync point based on the maximum of all nodes' ticks. CPUs are
suspended until the sync point to avoid sending network messages until sync has
been enabled. Toggling off sync acts like a global execution barrier, where
all CPUs are disabled until every node reaches the toggle off point. This
avoids tricky situations such as one node hitting a toggle off followed by a
toggle on before the other nodes hit the first toggle off.

pseudo inst,util: Add optional key to initparam pseudo instruction

The key parameter can be used to read out various config parameters from
within the simulated software.

x86: implement rcpps and rcpss SSE insts

These are packed single-precision approximate reciprocal operations,
vector and scalar versions, respectively.

This code was basically developed by copying the code for
sqrtps and sqrtss. The mrcp micro-op was simplified relative to
msqrt since there are no double-precision versions of this operation.

x86: x86 instruction-implementation bug fixes

Added explicit data sizes and an opcode type for correct execution.

x86: implements the simd128 ADDSUBPD instruction

This patch implements the simd128 ADDSUBPD instruction for the x86 architecture.

Tested with a simple program in assembly language which executes the
instruction. Checked that different versions of the instruction are executed
by using the execution tracing option.

Committed by: Nilay Vaish <nilay@cs.wisc.edu

x86: Rework opcode parsing to support 3 byte opcodes properly.

Instead of counting the number of opcode bytes in an instruction and recording
each byte before the actual opcode, we can represent the path we took to get to
the actual opcode byte by using a type code. That has a couple of advantages.
First, we can disambiguate the properties of opcodes of the same length which
have different properties. Second, it reduces the amount of data stored in an
ExtMachInst, making them slightly easier/faster to create and process. This
also adds some flexibility as far as how different types of opcodes are
handled, which might come in handy if we decide to support VEX or XOP
instructions.

This change also adds tables to support properly decoding 3 byte opcodes.
Before we would fall off the end of some arrays, on top of the ambiguity
described above.

This change doesn't measureably affect performance on the twolf benchmark.

x86 isa: This patch attempts an implementation at mwait.

Mwait works as follows:
1. A cpu monitors an address of interest (monitor instruction)
2. A cpu calls mwait - this loads the cache line into that cpu's cache.
3. The cpu goes to sleep.
4. When another processor requests write permission for the line, it is
evicted from the sleeping cpu's cache. This eviction is forwarded to the
sleeping cpu, which then wakes up.

Committed by: Nilay Vaish <nilay@cs.wisc.edu>

x86: Flag instructions that call suspend as IsQuiesce

The o3 cpu relies upon instructions that suspend a thread context being
flagged as "IsQuiesce". If they are not, unpredictable behavior can occur.
This patch fixes that for the x86 ISA.

x86: Add support for FXSAVE, FXSAVE64, FXRSTOR, and FXRSTOR64

x86: implements emms instruction

util: add m5_fail op.

Used as a command in full-system scripts helps the user ensure the benchmarks have finished successfully.

For example, one can use:

/path/to/benchmark args || /sbin/m5 fail 1

and thus ensure gem5 will exit with an error if the benchmark fails.

X86: Ensure that the CPUID instruction always writes its outputs.

The CPUID instruction was implemented so that it would only write its results
if the instruction was successful. This works fine on the simple CPU where
unwritten registers retain their old values, but on a CPU like O3 with
renaming this is broken. The instruction needs to write the old values back
into the registers explicitly if they aren't being changed.

x86 ISA: Implement the sse3 haddps instruction.

Shuffle the 32 bit values into position, and then add in parallel.

clang: Fix recently introduced clang compilation errors

This patch makes the code compile with clang 2.9 and 3.0 again by
making two very minor changes. Firt, it maintains a strict typing in
the forward declaration of the BaseCPUParams. Second, it adds a
FullSystemInt flag of the type unsigned int next to the boolean
FullSystem flag. The FullSystemInt variable can be used in
decode-statements (expands to switch statements) in the instruction
decoder.

SE/FS: Use the new FullSystem constant where possible.

X86: Don't use "#if FULL_SYSTEM" in the X86 ISA description.

The decoder now checks the value of FULL_SYSTEM in a switch statement to
decide whether to return a real syscall instruction or one that triggers
syscall emulation (or a panic in FS mode). The switch statement should devolve
into an if, and also should be optimized out since it's based on constant
input.

PseudoInst: Remove the now unnecessary #if FULL_SYSTEMs around pseudoinsts.

Pseudoinst: Add an initParam pseudo inst function.

m5: added work completed monitoring support

X86: Take advantage of new PCState syntax.

ISA,CPU,etc: Create an ISA defined PC type that abstracts out ISA behaviors.



This change is a low level and pervasive reorganization of how PCs are managed
in M5. Back when Alpha was the only ISA, there were only 2 PCs to worry about,
the PC and the NPC, and the lsb of the PC signaled whether or not you were in
PAL mode. As other ISAs were added, we had to add an NNPC, micro PC and next
micropc, x86 and ARM introduced variable length instruction sets, and ARM
started to keep track of mode bits in the PC. Each CPU model handled PCs in
its own custom way that needed to be updated individually to handle the new
dimensions of variability, or, in the case of ARMs mode-bit-in-the-pc hack,
the complexity could be hidden in the ISA at the ISA implementation's expense.
Areas like the branch predictor hadn't been updated to handle branch delay
slots or micropcs, and it turns out that had introduced a significant (10s of
percent) performance bug in SPARC and to a lesser extend MIPS. Rather than
perpetuate the problem by reworking O3 again to handle the PC features needed
by x86, this change was introduced to rework PC handling in a more modular,
transparent, and hopefully efficient way.


PC type:

Rather than having the superset of all possible elements of PC state declared
in each of the CPU models, each ISA defines its own PCState type which has
exactly the elements it needs. A cross product of canned PCState classes are
defined in the new "generic" ISA directory for ISAs with/without delay slots
and microcode. These are either typedef-ed or subclassed by each ISA. To read
or write this structure through a *Context, you use the new pcState() accessor
which reads or writes depending on whether it has an argument. If you just
want the address of the current or next instruction or the current micro PC,
you can get those through read-only accessors on either the PCState type or
the *Contexts. These are instAddr(), nextInstAddr(), and microPC(). Note the
move away from readPC. That name is ambiguous since it's not clear whether or
not it should be the actual address to fetch from, or if it should have extra
bits in it like the PAL mode bit. Each class is free to define its own
functions to get at whatever values it needs however it needs to to be used in
ISA specific code. Eventually Alpha's PAL mode bit could be moved out of the
PC and into a separate field like ARM.

These types can be reset to a particular pc (where npc = pc +
sizeof(MachInst), nnpc = npc + sizeof(MachInst), upc = 0, nupc = 1 as
appropriate), printed, serialized, and compared. There is a branching()
function which encapsulates code in the CPU models that checked if an
instruction branched or not. Exactly what that means in the context of branch
delay slots which can skip an instruction when not taken is ambiguous, and
ideally this function and its uses can be eliminated. PCStates also generally
know how to advance themselves in various ways depending on if they point at
an instruction, a microop, or the last microop of a macroop. More on that
later.

Ideally, accessing all the PCs at once when setting them will improve
performance of M5 even though more data needs to be moved around. This is
because often all the PCs need to be manipulated together, and by getting them
all at once you avoid multiple function calls. Also, the PCs of a particular
thread will have spatial locality in the cache. Previously they were grouped
by element in arrays which spread out accesses.


Advancing the PC:

The PCs were previously managed entirely by the CPU which had to know about PC
semantics, try to figure out which dimension to increment the PC in, what to
set NPC/NNPC, etc. These decisions are best left to the ISA in conjunction
with the PC type itself. Because most of the information about how to
increment the PC (mainly what type of instruction it refers to) is contained
in the instruction object, a new advancePC virtual function was added to the
StaticInst class. Subclasses provide an implementation that moves around the
right element of the PC with a minimal amount of decision making. In ISAs like
Alpha, the instructions always simply assign NPC to PC without having to worry
about micropcs, nnpcs, etc. The added cost of a virtual function call should
be outweighed by not having to figure out as much about what to do with the
PCs and mucking around with the extra elements.

One drawback of making the StaticInsts advance the PC is that you have to
actually have one to advance the PC. This would, superficially, seem to
require decoding an instruction before fetch could advance. This is, as far as
I can tell, realistic. fetch would advance through memory addresses, not PCs,
perhaps predicting new memory addresses using existing ones. More
sophisticated decisions about control flow would be made later on, after the
instruction was decoded, and handed back to fetch. If branching needs to
happen, some amount of decoding needs to happen to see that it's a branch,
what the target is, etc. This could get a little more complicated if that gets
done by the predecoder, but I'm choosing to ignore that for now.


Variable length instructions:

To handle variable length instructions in x86 and ARM, the predecoder now
takes in the current PC by reference to the getExtMachInst function. It can
modify the PC however it needs to (by setting NPC to be the PC + instruction
length, for instance). This could be improved since the CPU doesn't know if
the PC was modified and always has to write it back.


ISA parser:

To support the new API, all PC related operand types were removed from the
parser and replaced with a PCState type. There are two warts on this
implementation. First, as with all the other operand types, the PCState still
has to have a valid operand type even though it doesn't use it. Second, using
syntax like PCS.npc(target) doesn't work for two reasons, this looks like the
syntax for operand type overriding, and the parser can't figure out if you're
reading or writing. Instructions that use the PCS operand (which I've
consistently called it) need to first read it into a local variable,
manipulate it, and then write it back out.


Return address stack:

The return address stack needed a little extra help because, in the presence
of branch delay slots, it has to merge together elements of the return PC and
the call PC. To handle that, a buildRetPC utility function was added. There
are basically only two versions in all the ISAs, but it didn't seem short
enough to put into the generic ISA directory. Also, the branch predictor code
in O3 and InOrder were adjusted so that they always store the PC of the actual
call instruction in the RAS, not the next PC. If the call instruction is a
microop, the next PC refers to the next microop in the same macroop which is
probably not desirable. The buildRetPC function advances the PC intelligently
to the next macroop (in an ISA specific way) so that that case works.


Change in stats:

There were no change in stats except in MIPS and SPARC in the O3 model. MIPS
runs in about 9% fewer ticks. SPARC runs with 30%-50% fewer ticks, which could
likely be improved further by setting call/return instruction flags and taking
advantage of the RAS.


TODO:

Add != operators to the PCState classes, defined trivially to be !(a==b).
Smooth out places where PCs are split apart, passed around, and put back
together later. I think this might happen in SPARC's fault code. Add ISA
specific constructors that allow setting PC elements without calling a bunch
of accessors. Try to eliminate the need for the branching() function. Factor
out Alpha's PAL mode pc bit into a separate flag field, and eliminate places
where it's blindly masked out or tested in the PC.

X86: Make syscalls also serialize after.

X86: Make syscall instructions non-speculative in SE.

copyright: Change HP copyright on x86 code to be more friendly

X86: Sometimes CPUID depends on ecx, so pass that in.

X86: Add support for x86 psrldq and pslldq instructions

These are complicated instructions and the micro-code might be suboptimal.

This has been tested with some small sample programs (attached)

The psrldq instruction is needed by various spec2k programs.

X86: Implement movd_Vo_Edp on X86

This patch implements the movd_Vo_Edp series of instructions.

It addresses various concerns by Gabe Black about which file the
instruction belonged in, as well as supporting REX prefixed
instructions properly.

This instruction is needed for some of the spec2k benchmarks, most
notably bzip2.

X86: Implement the X86 sse2 haddpd instruction

This patch implements the haddpd instruction.

It fixes the problem in the previous version (pointed out by Gabe Black)
where an incorrect result would happen if you issue the instruction
with the same argument twice, i.e. "haddpd %xmm0,%xmm0"

This instruction is used by many spec2k benchmarks.

Implement X86 sse2 movdqu and movdqa instructions

The movdqa instruction should enforce 16-byte alignment.
This implementation does not do that.

These instructions are needed for most of x86_64 spec2k to run.

X86: Decode the immediate byte opcode extension for 3dNow! instructions.

X86: Decode three byte opcodes.

X86: Double check the two byte portion of the decoder and fix bugs/clean up.

X86: Implement MOVNTI.

X86: Implement MOVQ2DQ.

X86: Implement MOVDQ2Q.

X86: Implement the media instructions that convert fp values to ints.

X86: Implement the instructions that compare fp values and write a mask as a result.

X86: Implement the instructions that compare fp values and write to rflags.

X86: Implement MOVSS.

X86: Implement LDMXCSR.

X86: Implement STMXCSR.

X86: Implement the shuffle media instructions.

X86: Implement the mask move instructions.

X86: Implement the instructions that move sign bits.

X86: Implement the insert/extract instructions.

X86: Fix a bug in the decoder where the insert/extract instructions go.

X86: Implement the media average instructions.

X86: Implement the multiply and add instructions.

X86: Implement the media shifts that operate on 64 bits or less at a time.

X86: Implement the sum of absolute differences instructions.

X86: Implement the media integer subtract instructions.

X86: Implement the integer media multiply instructions.

X86: Make larger blocks of instructions use the Inst format by default.

X86: Implement the integer media max instructions.

X86: Implement the integer media min instructions.

X86: Implement the media integer addition instructions.

X86: Implement the instructions that convert between forms of floating point.

X86: Implement the instructions that compare fp values and write masks as the result.

X86: Implement the MOVDDUP instruction.

X86: Implement many of the media mov instructions.

X86: Implement the media instructions that convert integer values to floating point.

X86: Implement the floating point media instructions.

X86: Implement the floating point media multiply instructions.

X86: Implement the floating point media subtract instructions.

X86: Implement the floating point media add instructions.

X86: Implement the media sqrt instructions.

X86: Implement the media floating point max instructions.

X86: Implement the media floating point min instructions.

X86: Implement the pack instructions.

X86: Implement the remaining unpack instructions.

X86: Implement PANDN, ANDNPS, and ANDNPD.

X86: Implement PAND, ANDPS, and ANDPD.

X86: Implement POR, ORPD and ORPS.

X86: Implement PXOR.

X86: (Re)implement XORPS and XORPD.

X86: Implement PUNPCKLQDQ.

X86: Implement PUNPCKHQDQ.

X86: Implement PUNPCKHDQ.

X86: Implement PUNPCKHWD.

X86: Implement PUNPCKHBW.

X86: Implement PUNPCKLDQ.

X86: Implement PUNPCKLWD.

X86: Implement the versions of PUNPCKLBW that use XMM registers.

X86: Implement the MOVQ instruction.

X86: Implement the versions of MOVD that have an MMX source.

X86: Implement the versions of PUNPCKLBW that use MMX registers.

X86: Implement the versions of MOVD that have an MMX destination.

X86: Implement the CMPXCHG8B/CMPXCHG16B instruction.

X86: (Re)Implemented SHRD.

X86: Implement SHLD.

X86: Use the right field when using legacy prefixes to distinguish instructions.

X86: Implement the save machine status word instruction (SMSW).

X86: Implement the load machine status word instruction (LMSW).

X86: Only use %eax to select a function and look like we support sse2.

X86: Implement shrd.

X86: Implement sysenter as a system call interface.

X86: Fix a decoder bug and add in some missing instructions.

X86: Implement the lldt instruction.

X86: Implement CLTS.

X86: Implement the mov to debug register intructions.

X86: Implement the fence instructions. These are not microcoded.

X86: Implement a basic prefetch instruction.

X86: Implement the sysret instruction in long mode.

X86: Implement the longmode versions of the syscall instruction.

X86: Implement the LTR instruction.

X86: Implement the xadd instruction.

X86: Implement the bswap instruction.

X86: Hook in the M5 pseudo insts.

X86: Implement the swapgs instruction.

X86: Implement CPUID with a magical function instead of microcode.

X86: Flesh out 3dnow instruction decoding a bit and grab the byte immediate.

X86: Add in some support for the tsc register.

X86: Implement the INVLPG instruction and the TIA microop.

X86: Implement and attach the BSR and BSF instructions.

X86: Fill out group17 in the decoder.

X86: Implement mov from control register.

X86: Implement the LIDT instruction.

X86: Implement the lgdt instruction.

X86: Implement the wrcr microop which writes a control register, and some control register work.

X86: Implement some bit testing instructions.

X86: Flesh out the opcode groups for two byte opcodes.

X86: Implement MSR reads and writes and the wrsmr and rdmsr instructions.
There are no priviledge checks, so these instructions will all work in all
modes.

X86: Add a square root microop and the SSE sqrt instruction.

X86: Add SSE comparison instructions and microops and move some FP microops to be with the other ones.

X86: Implement an SSE xor microop and instruction.

X86: Implement some SSE fp microops and instructions.

X86: Add some SSE floating point/integer conversion microops.

X86: Implement the movaps instruction.

X86: Implement the movsd instruction.

X86: Implement the movlpd instruction.

X86: More two byte opcode decoding. I missed two groups in the last changeset.

X86: More fully decode two byte opcodes.
This includes the most of the SSE stuff, but not some of the "groups" of
instructions.

X86: Implement the cmpxchg instruction.

Add a flag to indicate an instruction triggers a syscall in SE mode.

X86: Hook in the new instructions.

Hook in a bunch of new instructions, fix a few minor bugs, and expand out one of the prefix multiplexed opcode groups.

Make the operand size reflect the size specifier on the operand tags, and implement NEG

Implement UD2 and replace the place holder in the decoder.

Implement the rest of the conditional jump instructions and hook them into the decoder.

Make the decoder take advantage of the new "B" operand format which takes a register index from the opcode itself.

Hook in newly implemented instructions.

x86 fixes
Make the emulation environment consider the rex prefix.
Implement and hook in forms of j, jmp, cmp, syscall, movzx
Added a format for an instruction to carry a call to the SE mode syscalls system
Made memory instructions which refer to the rip do so directly
Made the operand size overridable in the microassembly
Made the "ext" field of register operations 16 bits to hold a sparse encoding of flags to set or conditions to predicate on
Added an explicit "rax" operand for the syscall format
Implemented syscall returns.

Check for the two opcode prefix correctly and add in some instructions.

Break out the one and two byte opcodes into different files. Also change what bits decode is done on to reflect where clumps of instructions are.