xref: /gem5/src/cpu/o3/lsq_unit.hh

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2006 The Regents of The University of Michigan
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
 * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
 * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 * this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * Authors: Kevin Lim
 *          Korey Sewell
 */

#ifndef __CPU_O3_LSQ_UNIT_HH__
#define __CPU_O3_LSQ_UNIT_HH__

#include <algorithm>
#include <map>
#include <queue>

#include "arch/faults.hh"
#include "config/full_system.hh"
#include "base/hashmap.hh"
#include "cpu/inst_seq.hh"
#include "mem/packet_impl.hh"
#include "mem/port.hh"

/**
 * Class that implements the actual LQ and SQ for each specific
 * thread.  Both are circular queues; load entries are freed upon
 * committing, while store entries are freed once they writeback. The
 * LSQUnit tracks if there are memory ordering violations, and also
 * detects partial load to store forwarding cases (a store only has
 * part of a load's data) that requires the load to wait until the
 * store writes back. In the former case it holds onto the instruction
 * until the dependence unit looks at it, and in the latter it stalls
 * the LSQ until the store writes back. At that point the load is
 * replayed.
 */
template <class Impl>
class LSQUnit {
  protected:
    typedef TheISA::IntReg IntReg;
  public:
    typedef typename Impl::Params Params;
    typedef typename Impl::O3CPU O3CPU;
    typedef typename Impl::DynInstPtr DynInstPtr;
    typedef typename Impl::CPUPol::IEW IEW;
    typedef typename Impl::CPUPol::IssueStruct IssueStruct;

  public:
    /** Constructs an LSQ unit. init() must be called prior to use. */
    LSQUnit();

    /** Initializes the LSQ unit with the specified number of entries. */
    void init(Params *params, unsigned maxLQEntries,
              unsigned maxSQEntries, unsigned id);

    /** Returns the name of the LSQ unit. */
    std::string name() const;

    /** Registers statistics. */
    void regStats();

    /** Sets the CPU pointer. */
    void setCPU(O3CPU *cpu_ptr);

    /** Sets the IEW stage pointer. */
    void setIEW(IEW *iew_ptr)
    { iewStage = iew_ptr; }

    /** Switches out LSQ unit. */
    void switchOut();

    /** Takes over from another CPU's thread. */
    void takeOverFrom();

    /** Returns if the LSQ is switched out. */
    bool isSwitchedOut() { return switchedOut; }

    /** Ticks the LSQ unit, which in this case only resets the number of
     * used cache ports.
     * @todo: Move the number of used ports up to the LSQ level so it can
     * be shared by all LSQ units.
     */
    void tick() { usedPorts = 0; }

    /** Inserts an instruction. */
    void insert(DynInstPtr &inst);
    /** Inserts a load instruction. */
    void insertLoad(DynInstPtr &load_inst);
    /** Inserts a store instruction. */
    void insertStore(DynInstPtr &store_inst);

    /** Executes a load instruction. */
    Fault executeLoad(DynInstPtr &inst);

    Fault executeLoad(int lq_idx) { panic("Not implemented"); return NoFault; }
    /** Executes a store instruction. */
    Fault executeStore(DynInstPtr &inst);

    /** Commits the head load. */
    void commitLoad();
    /** Commits loads older than a specific sequence number. */
    void commitLoads(InstSeqNum &youngest_inst);

    /** Commits stores older than a specific sequence number. */
    void commitStores(InstSeqNum &youngest_inst);

    /** Writes back stores. */
    void writebackStores();

    /** Completes the data access that has been returned from the
     * memory system. */
    void completeDataAccess(PacketPtr pkt);

    /** Clears all the entries in the LQ. */
    void clearLQ();

    /** Clears all the entries in the SQ. */
    void clearSQ();

    /** Resizes the LQ to a given size. */
    void resizeLQ(unsigned size);

    /** Resizes the SQ to a given size. */
    void resizeSQ(unsigned size);

    /** Squashes all instructions younger than a specific sequence number. */
    void squash(const InstSeqNum &squashed_num);

    /** Returns if there is a memory ordering violation. Value is reset upon
     * call to getMemDepViolator().
     */
    bool violation() { return memDepViolator; }

    /** Returns the memory ordering violator. */
    DynInstPtr getMemDepViolator();

    /** Returns if a load became blocked due to the memory system. */
    bool loadBlocked()
    { return isLoadBlocked; }

    /** Clears the signal that a load became blocked. */
    void clearLoadBlocked()
    { isLoadBlocked = false; }

    /** Returns if the blocked load was handled. */
    bool isLoadBlockedHandled()
    { return loadBlockedHandled; }

    /** Records the blocked load as being handled. */
    void setLoadBlockedHandled()
    { loadBlockedHandled = true; }

    /** Returns the number of free entries (min of free LQ and SQ entries). */
    unsigned numFreeEntries();

    /** Returns the number of loads ready to execute. */
    int numLoadsReady();

    /** Returns the number of loads in the LQ. */
    int numLoads() { return loads; }

    /** Returns the number of stores in the SQ. */
    int numStores() { return stores; }

    /** Returns if either the LQ or SQ is full. */
    bool isFull() { return lqFull() || sqFull(); }

    /** Returns if the LQ is full. */
    bool lqFull() { return loads >= (LQEntries - 1); }

    /** Returns if the SQ is full. */
    bool sqFull() { return stores >= (SQEntries - 1); }

    /** Returns the number of instructions in the LSQ. */
    unsigned getCount() { return loads + stores; }

    /** Returns if there are any stores to writeback. */
    bool hasStoresToWB() { return storesToWB; }

    /** Returns the number of stores to writeback. */
    int numStoresToWB() { return storesToWB; }

    /** Returns if the LSQ unit will writeback on this cycle. */
    bool willWB() { return storeQueue[storeWBIdx].canWB &&
                        !storeQueue[storeWBIdx].completed &&
                        !isStoreBlocked; }

  private:
    /** Writes back the instruction, sending it to IEW. */
    void writeback(DynInstPtr &inst, PacketPtr pkt);

    /** Handles completing the send of a store to memory. */
    void storePostSend(Packet *pkt);

    /** Completes the store at the specified index. */
    void completeStore(int store_idx);

    /** Handles doing the retry. */
    void recvRetry();

    /** Increments the given store index (circular queue). */
    inline void incrStIdx(int &store_idx);
    /** Decrements the given store index (circular queue). */
    inline void decrStIdx(int &store_idx);
    /** Increments the given load index (circular queue). */
    inline void incrLdIdx(int &load_idx);
    /** Decrements the given load index (circular queue). */
    inline void decrLdIdx(int &load_idx);

  public:
    /** Debugging function to dump instructions in the LSQ. */
    void dumpInsts();

  private:
    /** Pointer to the CPU. */
    O3CPU *cpu;

    /** Pointer to the IEW stage. */
    IEW *iewStage;

    /** Pointer to memory object. */
    MemObject *mem;

    /** DcachePort class for this LSQ Unit.  Handles doing the
     * communication with the cache/memory.
     * @todo: Needs to be moved to the LSQ level and have some sort
     * of arbitration.
     */
    class DcachePort : public Port
    {
      protected:
        /** Pointer to CPU. */
        O3CPU *cpu;
        /** Pointer to LSQ. */
        LSQUnit *lsq;

      public:
        /** Default constructor. */
        DcachePort(O3CPU *_cpu, LSQUnit *_lsq)
            : Port(_lsq->name() + "-dport"), cpu(_cpu), lsq(_lsq)
        { }

      protected:
        /** Atomic version of receive.  Panics. */
        virtual Tick recvAtomic(PacketPtr pkt);

        /** Functional version of receive.  Panics. */
        virtual void recvFunctional(PacketPtr pkt);

        /** Receives status change.  Other than range changing, panics. */
        virtual void recvStatusChange(Status status);

        /** Returns the address ranges of this device. */
        virtual void getDeviceAddressRanges(AddrRangeList &resp,
                                            AddrRangeList &snoop)
        { resp.clear(); snoop.clear(); }

        /** Timing version of receive.  Handles writing back and
         * completing the load or store that has returned from
         * memory. */
        virtual bool recvTiming(PacketPtr pkt);

        /** Handles doing a retry of the previous send. */
        virtual void recvRetry();
    };

    /** Pointer to the D-cache. */
    DcachePort *dcachePort;

    /** Derived class to hold any sender state the LSQ needs. */
    class LSQSenderState : public Packet::SenderState
    {
      public:
        /** Default constructor. */
        LSQSenderState()
            : noWB(false)
        { }

        /** Instruction who initiated the access to memory. */
        DynInstPtr inst;
        /** Whether or not it is a load. */
        bool isLoad;
        /** The LQ/SQ index of the instruction. */
        int idx;
        /** Whether or not the instruction will need to writeback. */
        bool noWB;
    };

    /** Writeback event, specifically for when stores forward data to loads. */
    class WritebackEvent : public Event {
      public:
        /** Constructs a writeback event. */
        WritebackEvent(DynInstPtr &_inst, PacketPtr pkt, LSQUnit *lsq_ptr);

        /** Processes the writeback event. */
        void process();

        /** Returns the description of this event. */
        const char *description();

      private:
        /** Instruction whose results are being written back. */
        DynInstPtr inst;

        /** The packet that would have been sent to memory. */
        PacketPtr pkt;

        /** The pointer to the LSQ unit that issued the store. */
        LSQUnit<Impl> *lsqPtr;
    };

  public:
    struct SQEntry {
        /** Constructs an empty store queue entry. */
        SQEntry()
            : inst(NULL), req(NULL), size(0), data(0),
              canWB(0), committed(0), completed(0)
        { }

        /** Constructs a store queue entry for a given instruction. */
        SQEntry(DynInstPtr &_inst)
            : inst(_inst), req(NULL), size(0), data(0),
              canWB(0), committed(0), completed(0)
        { }

        /** The store instruction. */
        DynInstPtr inst;
        /** The request for the store. */
        RequestPtr req;
        /** The size of the store. */
        int size;
        /** The store data. */
        IntReg data;
        /** Whether or not the store can writeback. */
        bool canWB;
        /** Whether or not the store is committed. */
        bool committed;
        /** Whether or not the store is completed. */
        bool completed;
    };

  private:
    /** The LSQUnit thread id. */
    unsigned lsqID;

    /** The store queue. */
    std::vector<SQEntry> storeQueue;

    /** The load queue. */
    std::vector<DynInstPtr> loadQueue;

    /** The number of LQ entries, plus a sentinel entry (circular queue).
     *  @todo: Consider having var that records the true number of LQ entries.
     */
    unsigned LQEntries;
    /** The number of SQ entries, plus a sentinel entry (circular queue).
     *  @todo: Consider having var that records the true number of SQ entries.
     */
    unsigned SQEntries;

    /** The number of load instructions in the LQ. */
    int loads;
    /** The number of store instructions in the SQ. */
    int stores;
    /** The number of store instructions in the SQ waiting to writeback. */
    int storesToWB;

    /** The index of the head instruction in the LQ. */
    int loadHead;
    /** The index of the tail instruction in the LQ. */
    int loadTail;

    /** The index of the head instruction in the SQ. */
    int storeHead;
    /** The index of the first instruction that may be ready to be
     * written back, and has not yet been written back.
     */
    int storeWBIdx;
    /** The index of the tail instruction in the SQ. */
    int storeTail;

    /// @todo Consider moving to a more advanced model with write vs read ports
    /** The number of cache ports available each cycle. */
    int cachePorts;

    /** The number of used cache ports in this cycle. */
    int usedPorts;

    /** Is the LSQ switched out. */
    bool switchedOut;

    //list<InstSeqNum> mshrSeqNums;

    /** Wire to read information from the issue stage time queue. */
    typename TimeBuffer<IssueStruct>::wire fromIssue;

    /** Whether or not the LSQ is stalled. */
    bool stalled;
    /** The store that causes the stall due to partial store to load
     * forwarding.
     */
    InstSeqNum stallingStoreIsn;
    /** The index of the above store. */
    int stallingLoadIdx;

    /** The packet that needs to be retried. */
    PacketPtr retryPkt;

    /** Whehter or not a store is blocked due to the memory system. */
    bool isStoreBlocked;

    /** Whether or not a load is blocked due to the memory system. */
    bool isLoadBlocked;

    /** Has the blocked load been handled. */
    bool loadBlockedHandled;

    /** The sequence number of the blocked load. */
    InstSeqNum blockedLoadSeqNum;

    /** The oldest load that caused a memory ordering violation. */
    DynInstPtr memDepViolator;

    // Will also need how many read/write ports the Dcache has.  Or keep track
    // of that in stage that is one level up, and only call executeLoad/Store
    // the appropriate number of times.

    /** Total number of loads forwaded from LSQ stores. */
    Stats::Scalar<> lsqForwLoads;

    /** Total number of loads ignored due to invalid addresses. */
    Stats::Scalar<> invAddrLoads;

    /** Total number of squashed loads. */
    Stats::Scalar<> lsqSquashedLoads;

    /** Total number of responses from the memory system that are
     * ignored due to the instruction already being squashed. */
    Stats::Scalar<> lsqIgnoredResponses;

    /** Total number of squashed stores. */
    Stats::Scalar<> lsqSquashedStores;

    /** Total number of software prefetches ignored due to invalid addresses. */
    Stats::Scalar<> invAddrSwpfs;

    /** Ready loads blocked due to partial store-forwarding. */
    Stats::Scalar<> lsqBlockedLoads;

    /** Number of loads that were rescheduled. */
    Stats::Scalar<> lsqRescheduledLoads;

    /** Number of times the LSQ is blocked due to the cache. */
    Stats::Scalar<> lsqCacheBlocked;

  public:
    /** Executes the load at the given index. */
    template <class T>
    Fault read(Request *req, T &data, int load_idx);

    /** Executes the store at the given index. */
    template <class T>
    Fault write(Request *req, T &data, int store_idx);

    /** Returns the index of the head load instruction. */
    int getLoadHead() { return loadHead; }
    /** Returns the sequence number of the head load instruction. */
    InstSeqNum getLoadHeadSeqNum()
    {
        if (loadQueue[loadHead]) {
            return loadQueue[loadHead]->seqNum;
        } else {
            return 0;
        }

    }

    /** Returns the index of the head store instruction. */
    int getStoreHead() { return storeHead; }
    /** Returns the sequence number of the head store instruction. */
    InstSeqNum getStoreHeadSeqNum()
    {
        if (storeQueue[storeHead].inst) {
            return storeQueue[storeHead].inst->seqNum;
        } else {
            return 0;
        }

    }

    /** Returns whether or not the LSQ unit is stalled. */
    bool isStalled()  { return stalled; }
};

template <class Impl>
template <class T>
Fault
LSQUnit<Impl>::read(Request *req, T &data, int load_idx)
{
    DynInstPtr load_inst = loadQueue[load_idx];

    assert(load_inst);

    assert(!load_inst->isExecuted());

    // Make sure this isn't an uncacheable access
    // A bit of a hackish way to get uncached accesses to work only if they're
    // at the head of the LSQ and are ready to commit (at the head of the ROB
    // too).
    if (req->getFlags() & UNCACHEABLE &&
        (load_idx != loadHead || !load_inst->isAtCommit())) {
        iewStage->rescheduleMemInst(load_inst);
        ++lsqRescheduledLoads;
        return TheISA::genMachineCheckFault();
    }

    // Check the SQ for any previous stores that might lead to forwarding
    int store_idx = load_inst->sqIdx;

    int store_size = 0;

    DPRINTF(LSQUnit, "Read called, load idx: %i, store idx: %i, "
            "storeHead: %i addr: %#x\n",
            load_idx, store_idx, storeHead, req->getPaddr());

#if FULL_SYSTEM
    if (req->getFlags() & LOCKED) {
        cpu->lockAddr = req->getPaddr();
        cpu->lockFlag = true;
    }
#endif

    while (store_idx != -1) {
        // End once we've reached the top of the LSQ
        if (store_idx == storeWBIdx) {
            break;
        }

        // Move the index to one younger
        if (--store_idx < 0)
            store_idx += SQEntries;

        assert(storeQueue[store_idx].inst);

        store_size = storeQueue[store_idx].size;

        if (store_size == 0)
            continue;

        // Check if the store data is within the lower and upper bounds of
        // addresses that the request needs.
        bool store_has_lower_limit =
            req->getVaddr() >= storeQueue[store_idx].inst->effAddr;
        bool store_has_upper_limit =
            (req->getVaddr() + req->getSize()) <=
            (storeQueue[store_idx].inst->effAddr + store_size);
        bool lower_load_has_store_part =
            req->getVaddr() < (storeQueue[store_idx].inst->effAddr +
                           store_size);
        bool upper_load_has_store_part =
            (req->getVaddr() + req->getSize()) >
            storeQueue[store_idx].inst->effAddr;

        // If the store's data has all of the data needed, we can forward.
        if (store_has_lower_limit && store_has_upper_limit) {
            // Get shift amount for offset into the store's data.
            int shift_amt = req->getVaddr() & (store_size - 1);
            // @todo: Magic number, assumes byte addressing
            shift_amt = shift_amt << 3;

            // Cast this to type T?
            data = storeQueue[store_idx].data >> shift_amt;

            assert(!load_inst->memData);
            load_inst->memData = new uint8_t[64];

            memcpy(load_inst->memData, &data, req->getSize());

            DPRINTF(LSQUnit, "Forwarding from store idx %i to load to "
                    "addr %#x, data %#x\n",
                    store_idx, req->getVaddr(), data);

            PacketPtr data_pkt = new Packet(req, Packet::ReadReq, Packet::Broadcast);
            data_pkt->dataStatic(load_inst->memData);

            WritebackEvent *wb = new WritebackEvent(load_inst, data_pkt, this);

            // We'll say this has a 1 cycle load-store forwarding latency
            // for now.
            // @todo: Need to make this a parameter.
            wb->schedule(curTick);

            ++lsqForwLoads;
            return NoFault;
        } else if ((store_has_lower_limit && lower_load_has_store_part) ||
                   (store_has_upper_limit && upper_load_has_store_part) ||
                   (lower_load_has_store_part && upper_load_has_store_part)) {
            // This is the partial store-load forwarding case where a store
            // has only part of the load's data.

            // If it's already been written back, then don't worry about
            // stalling on it.
            if (storeQueue[store_idx].completed) {
                continue;
            }

            // Must stall load and force it to retry, so long as it's the oldest
            // load that needs to do so.
            if (!stalled ||
                (stalled &&
                 load_inst->seqNum <
                 loadQueue[stallingLoadIdx]->seqNum)) {
                stalled = true;
                stallingStoreIsn = storeQueue[store_idx].inst->seqNum;
                stallingLoadIdx = load_idx;
            }

            // Tell IQ/mem dep unit that this instruction will need to be
            // rescheduled eventually
            iewStage->rescheduleMemInst(load_inst);
            ++lsqRescheduledLoads;

            // Do not generate a writeback event as this instruction is not
            // complete.
            DPRINTF(LSQUnit, "Load-store forwarding mis-match. "
                    "Store idx %i to load addr %#x\n",
                    store_idx, req->getVaddr());

            ++lsqBlockedLoads;
            return NoFault;
        }
    }

    // If there's no forwarding case, then go access memory
    DPRINTF(LSQUnit, "Doing functional access for inst [sn:%lli] PC %#x\n",
            load_inst->seqNum, load_inst->readPC());

    assert(!load_inst->memData);
    load_inst->memData = new uint8_t[64];

    ++usedPorts;

    DPRINTF(LSQUnit, "Doing timing access for inst PC %#x\n",
            load_inst->readPC());

    PacketPtr data_pkt = new Packet(req, Packet::ReadReq, Packet::Broadcast);
    data_pkt->dataStatic(load_inst->memData);

    LSQSenderState *state = new LSQSenderState;
    state->isLoad = true;
    state->idx = load_idx;
    state->inst = load_inst;
    data_pkt->senderState = state;

    // if we have a cache, do cache access too
    if (!dcachePort->sendTiming(data_pkt)) {
        ++lsqCacheBlocked;
        // There's an older load that's already going to squash.
        if (isLoadBlocked && blockedLoadSeqNum < load_inst->seqNum)
            return NoFault;

        // Record that the load was blocked due to memory.  This
        // load will squash all instructions after it, be
        // refetched, and re-executed.
        isLoadBlocked = true;
        loadBlockedHandled = false;
        blockedLoadSeqNum = load_inst->seqNum;
        // No fault occurred, even though the interface is blocked.
        return NoFault;
    }

    if (data_pkt->result != Packet::Success) {
        DPRINTF(LSQUnit, "LSQUnit: D-cache miss!\n");
        DPRINTF(Activity, "Activity: ld accessing mem miss [sn:%lli]\n",
                load_inst->seqNum);
    } else {
        DPRINTF(LSQUnit, "LSQUnit: D-cache hit!\n");
        DPRINTF(Activity, "Activity: ld accessing mem hit [sn:%lli]\n",
                load_inst->seqNum);
    }

    return NoFault;
}

template <class Impl>
template <class T>
Fault
LSQUnit<Impl>::write(Request *req, T &data, int store_idx)
{
    assert(storeQueue[store_idx].inst);

    DPRINTF(LSQUnit, "Doing write to store idx %i, addr %#x data %#x"
            " | storeHead:%i [sn:%i]\n",
            store_idx, req->getPaddr(), data, storeHead,
            storeQueue[store_idx].inst->seqNum);

    storeQueue[store_idx].req = req;
    storeQueue[store_idx].size = sizeof(T);
    storeQueue[store_idx].data = data;

    // This function only writes the data to the store queue, so no fault
    // can happen here.
    return NoFault;
}

#endif // __CPU_O3_LSQ_UNIT_HH__