xref: /gem5/ext/drampower/src/CommandAnalysis.cc

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2012-2014, TU Delft
 * Copyright (c) 2012-2014, TU Eindhoven
 * Copyright (c) 2012-2014, TU Kaiserslautern
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 * this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
 * IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
 * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * Authors: Karthik Chandrasekar, Matthias Jung, Omar Naji, Sven Goossens
 *
 */

#include <fstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <sstream>

#include "CommandAnalysis.h"
#include "CmdScheduler.h"

using namespace Data;
using namespace std;

CommandAnalysis::CommandAnalysis()
{
}

CommandAnalysis::CommandAnalysis(const int nbrofBanks)
{
  // Initializing all counters and variables

  numberofacts        = 0;
  numberofpres        = 0;
  numberofreads       = 0;
  numberofwrites      = 0;
  numberofrefs        = 0;
  f_act_pdns          = 0;
  s_act_pdns          = 0;
  f_pre_pdns          = 0;
  s_pre_pdns          = 0;
  numberofsrefs       = 0;

  pop                 = 0;
  init                = 0;
  zero                = 0;

  actcycles           = 0;
  precycles           = 0;
  f_act_pdcycles      = 0;
  s_act_pdcycles      = 0;
  f_pre_pdcycles      = 0;
  s_pre_pdcycles      = 0;
  pup_act_cycles      = 0;
  pup_pre_cycles      = 0;
  sref_cycles         = 0;
  spup_cycles         = 0;
  sref_ref_act_cycles = 0;
  sref_ref_pre_cycles = 0;
  spup_ref_act_cycles = 0;
  spup_ref_pre_cycles = 0;
  idlecycles_act      = 0;
  idlecycles_pre      = 0;

  latest_act_cycle    = -1;
  latest_pre_cycle    = -1;
  latest_read_cycle   = -1;
  latest_write_cycle  = -1;
  end_read_op         = 0;
  end_write_op        = 0;
  end_act_op          = 0;

  first_act_cycle     = 0;
  last_pre_cycle      = 0;

  bankstate.resize(nbrofBanks, 0);
  last_states.resize(nbrofBanks);
  mem_state  = 0;

  sref_cycle = 0;
  pdn_cycle  = 0;

  cmd_list.clear();
  full_cmd_list.resize(1, MemCommand::PRE);
  cached_cmd.clear();
  activation_cycle.resize(nbrofBanks, 0);
}

// function to clear all arrays
void CommandAnalysis::clear()
{
  cached_cmd.clear();
  cmd_list.clear();
  full_cmd_list.clear();
  last_states.clear();
  bankstate.clear();
}

// Reads through the trace file, identifies the timestamp, command and bank
// If the issued command includes an auto-precharge, adds an explicit
// precharge to a cached command list and computes the precharge offset from the
// issued command timestamp, when the auto-precharge would kick in

void CommandAnalysis::getCommands(const Data::MemorySpecification& memSpec,
                                  const int nbrofBanks, std::vector<MemCommand>& list, bool lastupdate)
{
  for (vector<MemCommand>::const_iterator i = list.begin(); i != list.end(); ++i) {
    const MemCommand& cmd = *i;
    cmd_list.push_back(cmd);

    MemCommand::cmds cmdType = cmd.getType();
    if (cmdType == MemCommand::ACT) {
      activation_cycle[cmd.getBank()] = cmd.getTimeInt64();
    } else if (cmdType == MemCommand::RDA || cmdType == MemCommand::WRA) {
      // Remove auto-precharge flag from command
      cmd_list.back().setType(cmd.typeWithoutAutoPrechargeFlag());

      // Add the auto precharge to the list of cached_cmds
      int64_t preTime = max(cmd.getTimeInt64() + cmd.getPrechargeOffset(memSpec, cmdType),
                           activation_cycle[cmd.getBank()] + memSpec.memTimingSpec.RAS);
      cached_cmd.push_back(MemCommand(MemCommand::PRE, cmd.getBank(), static_cast<double>(preTime)));
    }
  }
  pop = 0;
  // Note: the extra pre-cmds at the end of the lists, and the cast to double
  // of the size vector is probably not desirable.
  cmd_list.push_back(MemCommand::PRE);
  cached_cmd.push_back(MemCommand::PRE);
  analyse_commands(nbrofBanks, memSpec, cmd_list.size()-1,
                                        cached_cmd.size()-1, lastupdate);
  cmd_list.clear();
  cached_cmd.clear();
} // CommandAnalysis::getCommands

// Checks the auto-precharge cached command list and inserts the explicit
// precharges with the appropriate timestamp in the original command list
// (by merging) based on their offset from the issuing command. Calls the
// evaluate function to analyse this expanded list of commands.

void CommandAnalysis::analyse_commands(const int nbrofBanks,
                                       Data::MemorySpecification memSpec, int64_t nCommands, int64_t nCached, bool lastupdate)
{
  full_cmd_list.resize(1, MemCommand::PRE);
  unsigned mCommands = 0;
  unsigned mCached   = 0;
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < nCommands + nCached + 1; i++) {
    if (cached_cmd.size() > 1) {
      if ((cmd_list[mCommands].getTime() > 1) && (init == 0)) {
        full_cmd_list[i].setType(MemCommand::PREA);
        init = 1;
        pop  = 1;
      } else {
        init = 1;
        if ((cached_cmd[mCached].getTime() > 0) && (cmd_list.
                                                    at(mCommands).getTime() < cached_cmd[mCached].
                                                    getTime()) && ((cmd_list[mCommands].getTime() > 0) ||
                                                                   ((cmd_list[mCommands].getTime() == 0) && (cmd_list[mCommands].
                                                                                                             getType() != MemCommand::PRE)))) {
          full_cmd_list[i] = cmd_list[mCommands];
          mCommands++;
        } else if ((cached_cmd[mCached].getTime() > 0) && (cmd_list[mCommands].
                                                           getTime() >= cached_cmd[mCached].getTime())) {
          full_cmd_list[i] = cached_cmd[mCached];
          mCached++;
        } else if (cached_cmd[mCached].getTime() == 0) {
          if ((cmd_list[mCommands].getTime() > 0) || ((cmd_list[mCommands].
                                                       getTime() == 0) && (cmd_list[mCommands].
                                                                           getType() != MemCommand::PRE))) {
            full_cmd_list[i] = cmd_list[mCommands];
            mCommands++;
          }
        } else if (cmd_list[mCommands].getTime() == 0) {
          full_cmd_list[i] = cached_cmd[mCached];
          mCached++;
        }
      }
    } else {
      if ((cmd_list[mCommands].getTime() > 1) && (init == 0)) {
        full_cmd_list[i].setType(MemCommand::PREA);
        init = 1;
        pop  = 1;
      } else {
        init = 1;
        if ((cmd_list[mCommands].getTime() > 0) || ((cmd_list.
                                                     at(mCommands).getTime() == 0) && (cmd_list[mCommands].
                                                                                       getType() != MemCommand::PRE))) {
          full_cmd_list[i] = cmd_list[mCommands];
          mCommands++;
        }
      }
    }
    full_cmd_list.resize(full_cmd_list.size() + 1, MemCommand::PRE);
  }

  full_cmd_list.pop_back();
  if (pop == 0) {
    full_cmd_list.pop_back();
  }
  if (lastupdate) {
    full_cmd_list.resize(full_cmd_list.size() + 1, MemCommand::NOP);
    full_cmd_list[full_cmd_list.size() - 1].setTime(full_cmd_list
                                                    [full_cmd_list.size() - 2].getTime() + timeToCompletion(memSpec,
                                                                                                            full_cmd_list[full_cmd_list.size() - 2].getType()) - 1);
  }

  evaluate(memSpec, full_cmd_list, nbrofBanks);
} // CommandAnalysis::analyse_commands

// To get the time of completion of the issued command
// Derived based on JEDEC specifications

int CommandAnalysis::timeToCompletion(const MemorySpecification&
                                      memSpec, MemCommand::cmds type)
{
  int offset = 0;
  const MemTimingSpec& memTimingSpec     = memSpec.memTimingSpec;
  const MemArchitectureSpec& memArchSpec = memSpec.memArchSpec;

  if (type == MemCommand::RD) {
    offset = static_cast<int>(memTimingSpec.RL +
                              memTimingSpec.DQSCK + 1 + (memArchSpec.burstLength /
                                                         memArchSpec.dataRate));
  } else if (type == MemCommand::WR) {
    offset = static_cast<int>(memTimingSpec.WL +
                              (memArchSpec.burstLength / memArchSpec.dataRate) +
                              memTimingSpec.WR);
  } else if (type == MemCommand::ACT) {
    offset = static_cast<int>(memTimingSpec.RCD);
  } else if ((type == MemCommand::PRE) || (type == MemCommand::PREA)) {
    offset = static_cast<int>(memTimingSpec.RP);
  }
  return offset;
} // CommandAnalysis::timeToCompletion

// Used to analyse a given list of commands and identify command timings
// and memory state transitions
void CommandAnalysis::evaluate(const MemorySpecification& memSpec,
                               vector<MemCommand>& cmd_list, int nbrofBanks)
{
  // for each command identify timestamp, type and bank
  for (unsigned cmd_list_counter = 0; cmd_list_counter < cmd_list.size();
       cmd_list_counter++) {
    // For command type
    int type = cmd_list[cmd_list_counter].getType();
    // For command bank
    int bank = cmd_list[cmd_list_counter].getBank();
    // Command Issue timestamp in clock cycles (cc)
    int64_t timestamp = cmd_list[cmd_list_counter].getTimeInt64();

    if (type == MemCommand::ACT) {
      // If command is ACT - update number of acts, bank state of the
      // target bank, first and latest activation cycle and the memory
      // state. Update the number of precharged/idle-precharged cycles.
      numberofacts++;
      if (bankstate[bank] == 1) {
        printWarning("Bank is already active!", type, timestamp, bank);
      }
      bankstate[bank] = 1;
      if (mem_state == 0) {
        first_act_cycle = timestamp;
        precycles      += max(zero, timestamp - last_pre_cycle);
        idle_pre_update(memSpec, timestamp, latest_pre_cycle);
      }
      latest_act_cycle = timestamp;
      mem_state++;
    } else if (type == MemCommand::RD) {
      // If command is RD - update number of reads and read cycle. Check
      // for active idle cycles (if any).
      if (bankstate[bank] == 0) {
        printWarning("Bank is not active!", type, timestamp, bank);
      }
      numberofreads++;
      idle_act_update(memSpec, latest_read_cycle, latest_write_cycle,
                      latest_act_cycle, timestamp);
      latest_read_cycle = timestamp;
    } else if (type == MemCommand::WR) {
      // If command is WR - update number of writes and write cycle. Check
      // for active idle cycles (if any).
      if (bankstate[bank] == 0) {
        printWarning("Bank is not active!", type, timestamp, bank);
      }
      numberofwrites++;
      idle_act_update(memSpec, latest_read_cycle, latest_write_cycle,
                      latest_act_cycle, timestamp);
      latest_write_cycle = timestamp;
    } else if (type == MemCommand::REF) {
      // If command is REF - update number of refreshes, set bank state of
      // all banks to ACT, set the last PRE cycles at RFC-RP cycles from
      // timestamp, set the number of active cycles to RFC-RP and check
      // for active and precharged cycles and idle active and idle
      // precharged cycles before refresh. Change memory state to 0.
      printWarningIfActive("One or more banks are active! REF requires all banks to be precharged.", type, timestamp, bank);
      numberofrefs++;
      idle_pre_update(memSpec, timestamp, latest_pre_cycle);
      first_act_cycle  = timestamp;
      precycles       += max(zero, timestamp - last_pre_cycle);
      last_pre_cycle   = timestamp + memSpec.memTimingSpec.RFC -
                         memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP;
      latest_pre_cycle = last_pre_cycle;
      actcycles       += memSpec.memTimingSpec.RFC - memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP;
      mem_state        = 0;
      for (int j = 0; j < nbrofBanks; j++) {
        bankstate[j] = 0;
      }
    } else if (type == MemCommand::PRE) {
      // If command is explicit PRE - update number of precharges, bank
      // state of the target bank and last and latest precharge cycle.
      // Calculate the number of active cycles if the memory was in the
      // active state before, but there is a state transition to PRE now.
      // If not, update the number of precharged cycles and idle cycles.
      // Update memory state if needed.
      if (bankstate[bank] == 1) {
        numberofpres++;
      }
      bankstate[bank] = 0;

      if (mem_state == 1) {
        actcycles     += max(zero, timestamp - first_act_cycle);
        last_pre_cycle = timestamp;
        idle_act_update(memSpec, latest_read_cycle, latest_write_cycle,
                        latest_act_cycle, timestamp);
      } else if (mem_state == 0) {
        precycles     += max(zero, timestamp - last_pre_cycle);
        idle_pre_update(memSpec, timestamp, latest_pre_cycle);
        last_pre_cycle = timestamp;
      }
      latest_pre_cycle = timestamp;
      if (mem_state > 0) {
        mem_state--;
      } else {
        mem_state = 0;
      }
    } else if (type == MemCommand::PREA) {
      // If command is explicit PREA (precharge all banks) - update
      // number of precharges by the number of banks, update the bank
      // state of all banks to PRE and set the precharge cycle.
      // Calculate the number of active cycles if the memory was in the
      // active state before, but there is a state transition to PRE now.
      // If not, update the number of precharged cycles and idle cycles.
      if (timestamp == 0) {
        numberofpres += 0;
      } else {
        numberofpres += mem_state;
      }

      if (mem_state > 0) {
        actcycles += max(zero, timestamp - first_act_cycle);
        idle_act_update(memSpec, latest_read_cycle, latest_write_cycle,
                        latest_act_cycle, timestamp);
      } else if (mem_state == 0) {
        precycles += max(zero, timestamp - last_pre_cycle);
        idle_pre_update(memSpec, timestamp, latest_pre_cycle);
      }

      latest_pre_cycle = timestamp;
      last_pre_cycle   = timestamp;

      mem_state        = 0;

      for (int j = 0; j < nbrofBanks; j++) {
        bankstate[j] = 0;
      }
    } else if (type == MemCommand::PDN_F_ACT) {
      // If command is fast-exit active power-down - update number of
      // power-downs, set the power-down cycle and the memory mode to
      // fast-exit active power-down. Save states of all the banks from
      // the cycle before entering active power-down, to be returned to
      // after powering-up. Update active and active idle cycles.
      printWarningIfNotActive("All banks are precharged! Incorrect use of Active Power-Down.", type, timestamp, bank);
      f_act_pdns++;
      for (int j = 0; j < nbrofBanks; j++) {
        last_states[j] = bankstate[j];
      }
      pdn_cycle  = timestamp;
      actcycles += max(zero, timestamp - first_act_cycle);
      idle_act_update(memSpec, latest_read_cycle, latest_write_cycle,
                      latest_act_cycle, timestamp);
      mem_state  = CommandAnalysis::MS_PDN_F_ACT;
    } else if (type == MemCommand::PDN_S_ACT) {
      // If command is slow-exit active power-down - update number of
      // power-downs, set the power-down cycle and the memory mode to
      // slow-exit active power-down. Save states of all the banks from
      // the cycle before entering active power-down, to be returned to
      // after powering-up. Update active and active idle cycles.
      printWarningIfNotActive("All banks are precharged! Incorrect use of Active Power-Down.", type, timestamp, bank);
      s_act_pdns++;
      for (int j = 0; j < nbrofBanks; j++) {
        last_states[j] = bankstate[j];
      }
      pdn_cycle  = timestamp;
      actcycles += max(zero, timestamp - first_act_cycle);
      idle_act_update(memSpec, latest_read_cycle, latest_write_cycle,
                      latest_act_cycle, timestamp);
      mem_state  = CommandAnalysis::MS_PDN_S_ACT;
    } else if (type == MemCommand::PDN_F_PRE) {
      // If command is fast-exit precharged power-down - update number of
      // power-downs, set the power-down cycle and the memory mode to
      // fast-exit precahrged power-down. Update precharged and precharged
      // idle cycles.
      printWarningIfActive("One or more banks are active! Incorrect use of Precharged Power-Down.", type, timestamp, bank);
      f_pre_pdns++;
      pdn_cycle  = timestamp;
      precycles += max(zero, timestamp - last_pre_cycle);
      idle_pre_update(memSpec, timestamp, latest_pre_cycle);
      mem_state  = CommandAnalysis::MS_PDN_F_PRE;
    } else if (type == MemCommand::PDN_S_PRE) {
      // If command is slow-exit precharged power-down - update number of
      // power-downs, set the power-down cycle and the memory mode to
      // slow-exit precahrged power-down. Update precharged and precharged
      // idle cycles.
      printWarningIfActive("One or more banks are active! Incorrect use of Precharged Power-Down.", type, timestamp, bank);
      s_pre_pdns++;
      pdn_cycle  = timestamp;
      precycles += max(zero, timestamp - last_pre_cycle);
      idle_pre_update(memSpec, timestamp, latest_pre_cycle);
      mem_state  = CommandAnalysis::MS_PDN_S_PRE;
    } else if (type == MemCommand::PUP_ACT) {
      // If command is power-up in the active mode - check the power-down
      // exit-mode employed (fast or slow), update the number of power-down
      // and power-up cycles and the latest and first act cycle. Also, reset
      // all the individual bank states to the respective saved states
      // before entering power-down.
      if (mem_state == CommandAnalysis::MS_PDN_F_ACT) {
        f_act_pdcycles  += max(zero, timestamp - pdn_cycle);
        pup_act_cycles  += memSpec.memTimingSpec.XP;
        latest_act_cycle = max(timestamp, timestamp +
                               memSpec.memTimingSpec.XP - memSpec.memTimingSpec.RCD);
      } else if (mem_state == CommandAnalysis::MS_PDN_S_ACT) {
        s_act_pdcycles += max(zero, timestamp - pdn_cycle);
        if (memSpec.memArchSpec.dll == false) {
          pup_act_cycles  += memSpec.memTimingSpec.XP;
          latest_act_cycle = max(timestamp, timestamp +
                                 memSpec.memTimingSpec.XP - memSpec.memTimingSpec.RCD);
        } else {
          pup_act_cycles  += memSpec.memTimingSpec.XPDLL -
                             memSpec.memTimingSpec.RCD;
          latest_act_cycle = max(timestamp, timestamp +
                                 memSpec.memTimingSpec.XPDLL -
                                 (2 * memSpec.memTimingSpec.RCD));
        }
      } else if ((mem_state != CommandAnalysis::MS_PDN_S_ACT) || (mem_state !=
                                                                  CommandAnalysis::MS_PDN_F_ACT)) {
        cerr << "Incorrect use of Active Power-Up!" << endl;
      }
      mem_state = 0;
      for (int j = 0; j < nbrofBanks; j++) {
        bankstate[j] = last_states[j];
        mem_state   += last_states[j];
      }
      first_act_cycle = timestamp;
    } else if (type == MemCommand::PUP_PRE) {
      // If command is power-up in the precharged mode - check the power-down
      // exit-mode employed (fast or slow), update the number of power-down
      // and power-up cycles and the latest and last pre cycle.
      if (mem_state == CommandAnalysis::MS_PDN_F_PRE) {
        f_pre_pdcycles  += max(zero, timestamp - pdn_cycle);
        pup_pre_cycles  += memSpec.memTimingSpec.XP;
        latest_pre_cycle = max(timestamp, timestamp +
                               memSpec.memTimingSpec.XP - memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP);
      } else if (mem_state == CommandAnalysis::MS_PDN_S_PRE) {
        s_pre_pdcycles += max(zero, timestamp - pdn_cycle);
        if (memSpec.memArchSpec.dll == false) {
          pup_pre_cycles  += memSpec.memTimingSpec.XP;
          latest_pre_cycle = max(timestamp, timestamp +
                                 memSpec.memTimingSpec.XP - memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP);
        } else {
          pup_pre_cycles  += memSpec.memTimingSpec.XPDLL -
                             memSpec.memTimingSpec.RCD;
          latest_pre_cycle = max(timestamp, timestamp +
                                 memSpec.memTimingSpec.XPDLL - memSpec.memTimingSpec.RCD -
                                 memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP);
        }
      } else if ((mem_state != CommandAnalysis::MS_PDN_S_PRE) || (mem_state !=
                                                                  CommandAnalysis::MS_PDN_F_PRE)) {
        cerr << "Incorrect use of Precharged Power-Up!" << endl;
      }
      mem_state      = 0;
      last_pre_cycle = timestamp;
    } else if (type == MemCommand::SREN) {
      // If command is self-refresh - update number of self-refreshes,
      // set memory state to SREF, update precharge and idle precharge
      // cycles and set the self-refresh cycle.
      printWarningIfActive("One or more banks are active! SREF requires all banks to be precharged.", type, timestamp, bank);
      numberofsrefs++;
      sref_cycle = timestamp;
      precycles += max(zero, timestamp - last_pre_cycle);
      idle_pre_update(memSpec, timestamp, latest_pre_cycle);
      mem_state  = CommandAnalysis::MS_SREF;
    } else if (type == MemCommand::SREX) {
      // If command is self-refresh exit - update the number of self-refresh
      // clock cycles, number of active and precharged auto-refresh clock
      // cycles during self-refresh and self-refresh exit based on the number
      // of cycles in the self-refresh mode and auto-refresh duration (RFC).
      // Set the last and latest precharge cycle accordingly and set the
      // memory state to 0.
      if (mem_state != CommandAnalysis::MS_SREF) {
        cerr << "Incorrect use of Self-Refresh Power-Up!" << endl;
      }
      if (max(zero, timestamp - sref_cycle) >= memSpec.memTimingSpec.RFC) {
        sref_cycles         += max(zero, timestamp - sref_cycle
                                   - memSpec.memTimingSpec.RFC);
        sref_ref_act_cycles += memSpec.memTimingSpec.RFC -
                               memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP;
        sref_ref_pre_cycles += memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP;
        last_pre_cycle       = timestamp;
        if (memSpec.memArchSpec.dll == false) {
          spup_cycles     += memSpec.memTimingSpec.XS;
          latest_pre_cycle = max(timestamp, timestamp +
                                 memSpec.memTimingSpec.XS - memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP);
        } else {
          spup_cycles     += memSpec.memTimingSpec.XSDLL -
                             memSpec.memTimingSpec.RCD;
          latest_pre_cycle = max(timestamp, timestamp +
                                 memSpec.memTimingSpec.XSDLL - memSpec.memTimingSpec.RCD
                                 - memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP);
        }
      } else {
        int64_t sref_diff = memSpec.memTimingSpec.RFC - memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP;
        int64_t sref_pre  = max(zero, timestamp - sref_cycle - sref_diff);
        int64_t spup_pre  = memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP - sref_pre;
        int64_t sref_act  = max(zero, timestamp - sref_cycle);
        int64_t spup_act  = memSpec.memTimingSpec.RFC - sref_act;

        if (max(zero, timestamp - sref_cycle) >= sref_diff) {
          sref_ref_act_cycles += sref_diff;
          sref_ref_pre_cycles += sref_pre;
          spup_ref_pre_cycles += spup_pre;
          last_pre_cycle       = timestamp + spup_pre;
          if (memSpec.memArchSpec.dll == false) {
            spup_cycles     += memSpec.memTimingSpec.XS - spup_pre;
            latest_pre_cycle = max(timestamp, timestamp +
                                   memSpec.memTimingSpec.XS - spup_pre -
                                   memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP);
          } else {
            spup_cycles     += memSpec.memTimingSpec.XSDLL -
                               memSpec.memTimingSpec.RCD - spup_pre;
            latest_pre_cycle = max(timestamp, timestamp +
                                   memSpec.memTimingSpec.XSDLL - memSpec.memTimingSpec.RCD -
                                   spup_pre - memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP);
          }
        } else {
          sref_ref_act_cycles += sref_act;
          spup_ref_act_cycles += spup_act;
          spup_ref_pre_cycles += memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP;
          last_pre_cycle       = timestamp + spup_act + memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP;
          if (memSpec.memArchSpec.dll == false) {
            spup_cycles     += memSpec.memTimingSpec.XS - spup_act -
                               memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP;
            latest_pre_cycle = max(timestamp, timestamp +
                                   memSpec.memTimingSpec.XS - spup_act -
                                   (2 * memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP));
          } else {
            spup_cycles     += memSpec.memTimingSpec.XSDLL -
                               memSpec.memTimingSpec.RCD - spup_act -
                               memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP;
            latest_pre_cycle = max(timestamp, timestamp +
                                   memSpec.memTimingSpec.XSDLL - memSpec.memTimingSpec.RCD -
                                   spup_act - (2 * memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP));
          }
        }
      }
      mem_state = 0;
    } else if ((type == MemCommand::END) || (type == MemCommand::NOP)) {
      // May be optionally used at the end of memory trace for better accuracy
      // Update all counters based on completion of operations.
      if ((mem_state > 0) && (mem_state < 9)) {
        actcycles += max(zero, timestamp - first_act_cycle);
        idle_act_update(memSpec, latest_read_cycle, latest_write_cycle,
                        latest_act_cycle, timestamp);
      } else if (mem_state == 0) {
        precycles += max(zero, timestamp - last_pre_cycle);
        idle_pre_update(memSpec, timestamp, latest_pre_cycle);
      } else if (mem_state == CommandAnalysis::MS_PDN_F_ACT) {
        f_act_pdcycles += max(zero, timestamp - pdn_cycle);
      } else if (mem_state == CommandAnalysis::MS_PDN_S_ACT) {
        s_act_pdcycles += max(zero, timestamp - pdn_cycle);
      } else if (mem_state == CommandAnalysis::MS_PDN_F_PRE) {
        f_pre_pdcycles += max(zero, timestamp - pdn_cycle);
      } else if (mem_state == CommandAnalysis::MS_PDN_S_PRE) {
        s_pre_pdcycles += max(zero, timestamp - pdn_cycle);
      } else if (mem_state == CommandAnalysis::MS_SREF) {
        sref_cycles += max(zero, timestamp - sref_cycle);
      }
    }
  }
} // CommandAnalysis::evaluate

// To update idle period information whenever active cycles may be idle
void CommandAnalysis::idle_act_update(const MemorySpecification& memSpec,
                                      int64_t latest_read_cycle, int64_t latest_write_cycle,
                                      int64_t latest_act_cycle, int64_t timestamp)
{
  if (latest_read_cycle >= 0) {
    end_read_op = latest_read_cycle + timeToCompletion(memSpec,
                                                       MemCommand::RD) - 1;
  }

  if (latest_write_cycle >= 0) {
    end_write_op = latest_write_cycle + timeToCompletion(memSpec,
                                                         MemCommand::WR) - 1;
  }

  if (latest_act_cycle >= 0) {
    end_act_op = latest_act_cycle + timeToCompletion(memSpec,
                                                     MemCommand::ACT) - 1;
  }

  idlecycles_act += max(zero, timestamp - max(max(end_read_op, end_write_op),
                                              end_act_op));
} // CommandAnalysis::idle_act_update

// To update idle period information whenever precharged cycles may be idle
void CommandAnalysis::idle_pre_update(const MemorySpecification& memSpec,
                                      int64_t timestamp, int64_t latest_pre_cycle)
{
  if (latest_pre_cycle > 0) {
    idlecycles_pre += max(zero, timestamp - latest_pre_cycle -
                          memSpec.memTimingSpec.RP);
  } else if (latest_pre_cycle == 0) {
    idlecycles_pre += max(zero, timestamp - latest_pre_cycle);
  }
}

void CommandAnalysis::printWarningIfActive(const string& warning, int type, int64_t timestamp, int bank)
{
  if (mem_state != 0) {
    printWarning(warning, type, timestamp, bank);
  }
}

void CommandAnalysis::printWarningIfNotActive(const string& warning, int type, int64_t timestamp, int bank)
{
  if (mem_state == 0) {
    printWarning(warning, type, timestamp, bank);
  }
}

void CommandAnalysis::printWarning(const string& warning, int type, int64_t timestamp, int bank)
{
  cerr << "WARNING: " << warning << endl;
  cerr << "Command: " << type << ", Timestamp: " << timestamp <<
    ", Bank: " << bank << endl;
}