1# Copyright (c) 2015 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. 2# All rights reserved. 3# 4# For use for simulation and test purposes only 5# 6# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 8# 9# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, 10# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11# 12# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, 13# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 14# and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15# 16# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its 17# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this 18# software without specific prior written permission. 19# 20# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" 21# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE 24# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 25# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 26# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 27# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 28# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 29# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 30# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 31# 32# Authors: Sooraj Puthoor 33 34from __future__ import print_function 35from __future__ import absolute_import 36 37import optparse, os, re 38import math 39import glob 40import inspect 41 42import m5 43from m5.objects import * 44from m5.util import addToPath 45 46addToPath('../') 47 48from ruby import Ruby 49 50from common import Options 51from common import Simulation 52from common import GPUTLBOptions, GPUTLBConfig 53 54########################## Script Options ######################## 55def setOption(parser, opt_str, value = 1): 56 # check to make sure the option actually exists 57 if not parser.has_option(opt_str): 58 raise Exception("cannot find %s in list of possible options" % opt_str) 59 60 opt = parser.get_option(opt_str) 61 # set the value 62 exec("parser.values.%s = %s" % (opt.dest, value)) 63 64def getOption(parser, opt_str): 65 # check to make sure the option actually exists 66 if not parser.has_option(opt_str): 67 raise Exception("cannot find %s in list of possible options" % opt_str) 68 69 opt = parser.get_option(opt_str) 70 # get the value 71 exec("return_value = parser.values.%s" % opt.dest) 72 return return_value 73 74# Adding script options 75parser = optparse.OptionParser() 76Options.addCommonOptions(parser) 77Options.addSEOptions(parser) 78 79parser.add_option("--cpu-only-mode", action="store_true", default=False, 80 help="APU mode. Used to take care of problems in "\ 81 "Ruby.py while running APU protocols") 82parser.add_option("-k", "--kernel-files", 83 help="file(s) containing GPU kernel code (colon separated)") 84parser.add_option("-u", "--num-compute-units", type="int", default=1, 85 help="number of GPU compute units"), 86parser.add_option("--num-cp", type="int", default=0, 87 help="Number of GPU Command Processors (CP)") 88parser.add_option("--benchmark-root", help="Root of benchmark directory tree") 89 90# not super important now, but to avoid putting the number 4 everywhere, make 91# it an option/knob 92parser.add_option("--cu-per-sqc", type="int", default=4, help="number of CUs" \ 93 "sharing an SQC (icache, and thus icache TLB)") 94parser.add_option("--simds-per-cu", type="int", default=4, help="SIMD units" \ 95 "per CU") 96parser.add_option("--wf-size", type="int", default=64, 97 help="Wavefront size(in workitems)") 98parser.add_option("--sp-bypass-path-length", type="int", default=4, \ 99 help="Number of stages of bypass path in vector ALU for Single Precision ops") 100parser.add_option("--dp-bypass-path-length", type="int", default=4, \ 101 help="Number of stages of bypass path in vector ALU for Double Precision ops") 102# issue period per SIMD unit: number of cycles before issuing another vector 103parser.add_option("--issue-period", type="int", default=4, \ 104 help="Number of cycles per vector instruction issue period") 105parser.add_option("--glbmem-wr-bus-width", type="int", default=32, \ 106 help="VGPR to Coalescer (Global Memory) data bus width in bytes") 107parser.add_option("--glbmem-rd-bus-width", type="int", default=32, \ 108 help="Coalescer to VGPR (Global Memory) data bus width in bytes") 109# Currently we only support 1 local memory pipe 110parser.add_option("--shr-mem-pipes-per-cu", type="int", default=1, \ 111 help="Number of Shared Memory pipelines per CU") 112# Currently we only support 1 global memory pipe 113parser.add_option("--glb-mem-pipes-per-cu", type="int", default=1, \ 114 help="Number of Global Memory pipelines per CU") 115parser.add_option("--wfs-per-simd", type="int", default=10, help="Number of " \ 116 "WF slots per SIMD") 117 118parser.add_option("--vreg-file-size", type="int", default=2048, 119 help="number of physical vector registers per SIMD") 120parser.add_option("--bw-scalor", type="int", default=0, 121 help="bandwidth scalor for scalability analysis") 122parser.add_option("--CPUClock", type="string", default="2GHz", 123 help="CPU clock") 124parser.add_option("--GPUClock", type="string", default="1GHz", 125 help="GPU clock") 126parser.add_option("--cpu-voltage", action="store", type="string", 127 default='1.0V', 128 help = """CPU voltage domain""") 129parser.add_option("--gpu-voltage", action="store", type="string", 130 default='1.0V', 131 help = """CPU voltage domain""") 132parser.add_option("--CUExecPolicy", type="string", default="OLDEST-FIRST", 133 help="WF exec policy (OLDEST-FIRST, ROUND-ROBIN)") 134parser.add_option("--xact-cas-mode", action="store_true", 135 help="enable load_compare mode (transactional CAS)") 136parser.add_option("--SegFaultDebug",action="store_true", 137 help="checks for GPU seg fault before TLB access") 138parser.add_option("--FunctionalTLB",action="store_true", 139 help="Assumes TLB has no latency") 140parser.add_option("--LocalMemBarrier",action="store_true", 141 help="Barrier does not wait for writethroughs to complete") 142parser.add_option("--countPages", action="store_true", 143 help="Count Page Accesses and output in per-CU output files") 144parser.add_option("--TLB-prefetch", type="int", help = "prefetch depth for"\ 145 "TLBs") 146parser.add_option("--pf-type", type="string", help="type of prefetch: "\ 147 "PF_CU, PF_WF, PF_PHASE, PF_STRIDE") 148parser.add_option("--pf-stride", type="int", help="set prefetch stride") 149parser.add_option("--numLdsBanks", type="int", default=32, 150 help="number of physical banks per LDS module") 151parser.add_option("--ldsBankConflictPenalty", type="int", default=1, 152 help="number of cycles per LDS bank conflict") 153parser.add_option('--fast-forward-pseudo-op', action='store_true', 154 help = 'fast forward using kvm until the m5_switchcpu' 155 ' pseudo-op is encountered, then switch cpus. subsequent' 156 ' m5_switchcpu pseudo-ops will toggle back and forth') 157parser.add_option('--outOfOrderDataDelivery', action='store_true', 158 default=False, help='enable OoO data delivery in the GM' 159 ' pipeline') 160 161Ruby.define_options(parser) 162 163#add TLB options to the parser 164GPUTLBOptions.tlb_options(parser) 165 166(options, args) = parser.parse_args() 167 168# The GPU cache coherence protocols only work with the backing store 169setOption(parser, "--access-backing-store") 170 171# if benchmark root is specified explicitly, that overrides the search path 172if options.benchmark_root: 173 benchmark_path = [options.benchmark_root] 174else: 175 # Set default benchmark search path to current dir 176 benchmark_path = ['.'] 177 178########################## Sanity Check ######################## 179 180# Currently the gpu model requires ruby 181if buildEnv['PROTOCOL'] == 'None': 182 fatal("GPU model requires ruby") 183 184# Currently the gpu model requires only timing or detailed CPU 185if not (options.cpu_type == "TimingSimpleCPU" or 186 options.cpu_type == "DerivO3CPU"): 187 fatal("GPU model requires TimingSimpleCPU or DerivO3CPU") 188 189# This file can support multiple compute units 190assert(options.num_compute_units >= 1) 191 192# Currently, the sqc (I-Cache of GPU) is shared by 193# multiple compute units(CUs). The protocol works just fine 194# even if sqc is not shared. Overriding this option here 195# so that the user need not explicitly set this (assuming 196# sharing sqc is the common usage) 197n_cu = options.num_compute_units 198num_sqc = int(math.ceil(float(n_cu) / options.cu_per_sqc)) 199options.num_sqc = num_sqc # pass this to Ruby 200 201########################## Creating the GPU system ######################## 202# shader is the GPU 203shader = Shader(n_wf = options.wfs_per_simd, 204 clk_domain = SrcClockDomain( 205 clock = options.GPUClock, 206 voltage_domain = VoltageDomain( 207 voltage = options.gpu_voltage))) 208 209# GPU_RfO(Read For Ownership) implements SC/TSO memory model. 210# Other GPU protocols implement release consistency at GPU side. 211# So, all GPU protocols other than GPU_RfO should make their writes 212# visible to the global memory and should read from global memory 213# during kernal boundary. The pipeline initiates(or do not initiate) 214# the acquire/release operation depending on this impl_kern_boundary_sync 215# flag. This flag=true means pipeline initiates a acquire/release operation 216# at kernel boundary. 217if buildEnv['PROTOCOL'] == 'GPU_RfO': 218 shader.impl_kern_boundary_sync = False 219else: 220 shader.impl_kern_boundary_sync = True 221 222# Switching off per-lane TLB by default 223per_lane = False 224if options.TLB_config == "perLane": 225 per_lane = True 226 227# List of compute units; one GPU can have multiple compute units 228compute_units = [] 229for i in range(n_cu): 230 compute_units.append(ComputeUnit(cu_id = i, perLaneTLB = per_lane, 231 num_SIMDs = options.simds_per_cu, 232 wfSize = options.wf_size, 233 spbypass_pipe_length = options.sp_bypass_path_length, 234 dpbypass_pipe_length = options.dp_bypass_path_length, 235 issue_period = options.issue_period, 236 coalescer_to_vrf_bus_width = \ 237 options.glbmem_rd_bus_width, 238 vrf_to_coalescer_bus_width = \ 239 options.glbmem_wr_bus_width, 240 num_global_mem_pipes = \ 241 options.glb_mem_pipes_per_cu, 242 num_shared_mem_pipes = \ 243 options.shr_mem_pipes_per_cu, 244 n_wf = options.wfs_per_simd, 245 execPolicy = options.CUExecPolicy, 246 xactCasMode = options.xact_cas_mode, 247 debugSegFault = options.SegFaultDebug, 248 functionalTLB = options.FunctionalTLB, 249 localMemBarrier = options.LocalMemBarrier, 250 countPages = options.countPages, 251 localDataStore = \ 252 LdsState(banks = options.numLdsBanks, 253 bankConflictPenalty = \ 254 options.ldsBankConflictPenalty), 255 out_of_order_data_delivery = 256 options.outOfOrderDataDelivery)) 257 wavefronts = [] 258 vrfs = [] 259 for j in range(options.simds_per_cu): 260 for k in range(shader.n_wf): 261 wavefronts.append(Wavefront(simdId = j, wf_slot_id = k, 262 wfSize = options.wf_size)) 263 vrfs.append(VectorRegisterFile(simd_id=j, 264 num_regs_per_simd=options.vreg_file_size)) 265 compute_units[-1].wavefronts = wavefronts 266 compute_units[-1].vector_register_file = vrfs 267 if options.TLB_prefetch: 268 compute_units[-1].prefetch_depth = options.TLB_prefetch 269 compute_units[-1].prefetch_prev_type = options.pf_type 270 271 # attach the LDS and the CU to the bus (actually a Bridge) 272 compute_units[-1].ldsPort = compute_units[-1].ldsBus.slave 273 compute_units[-1].ldsBus.master = compute_units[-1].localDataStore.cuPort 274 275# Attach compute units to GPU 276shader.CUs = compute_units 277 278########################## Creating the CPU system ######################## 279options.num_cpus = options.num_cpus 280 281# The shader core will be whatever is after the CPU cores are accounted for 282shader_idx = options.num_cpus 283 284# The command processor will be whatever is after the shader is accounted for 285cp_idx = shader_idx + 1 286cp_list = [] 287 288# List of CPUs 289cpu_list = [] 290 291CpuClass, mem_mode = Simulation.getCPUClass(options.cpu_type) 292if CpuClass == AtomicSimpleCPU: 293 fatal("AtomicSimpleCPU is not supported") 294if mem_mode != 'timing': 295 fatal("Only the timing memory mode is supported") 296shader.timing = True 297 298if options.fast_forward and options.fast_forward_pseudo_op: 299 fatal("Cannot fast-forward based both on the number of instructions and" 300 " on pseudo-ops") 301fast_forward = options.fast_forward or options.fast_forward_pseudo_op 302 303if fast_forward: 304 FutureCpuClass, future_mem_mode = CpuClass, mem_mode 305 306 CpuClass = X86KvmCPU 307 mem_mode = 'atomic_noncaching' 308 # Leave shader.timing untouched, because its value only matters at the 309 # start of the simulation and because we require switching cpus 310 # *before* the first kernel launch. 311 312 future_cpu_list = [] 313 314 # Initial CPUs to be used during fast-forwarding. 315 for i in range(options.num_cpus): 316 cpu = CpuClass(cpu_id = i, 317 clk_domain = SrcClockDomain( 318 clock = options.CPUClock, 319 voltage_domain = VoltageDomain( 320 voltage = options.cpu_voltage))) 321 cpu_list.append(cpu) 322 323 if options.fast_forward: 324 cpu.max_insts_any_thread = int(options.fast_forward) 325 326if fast_forward: 327 MainCpuClass = FutureCpuClass 328else: 329 MainCpuClass = CpuClass 330 331# CPs to be used throughout the simulation. 332for i in range(options.num_cp): 333 cp = MainCpuClass(cpu_id = options.num_cpus + i, 334 clk_domain = SrcClockDomain( 335 clock = options.CPUClock, 336 voltage_domain = VoltageDomain( 337 voltage = options.cpu_voltage))) 338 cp_list.append(cp) 339 340# Main CPUs (to be used after fast-forwarding if fast-forwarding is specified). 341for i in range(options.num_cpus): 342 cpu = MainCpuClass(cpu_id = i, 343 clk_domain = SrcClockDomain( 344 clock = options.CPUClock, 345 voltage_domain = VoltageDomain( 346 voltage = options.cpu_voltage))) 347 if fast_forward: 348 cpu.switched_out = True 349 future_cpu_list.append(cpu) 350 else: 351 cpu_list.append(cpu) 352 353########################## Creating the GPU dispatcher ######################## 354# Dispatcher dispatches work from host CPU to GPU 355host_cpu = cpu_list[0] 356dispatcher = GpuDispatcher() 357 358########################## Create and assign the workload ######################## 359# Check for rel_path in elements of base_list using test, returning 360# the first full path that satisfies test 361def find_path(base_list, rel_path, test): 362 for base in base_list: 363 if not base: 364 # base could be None if environment var not set 365 continue 366 full_path = os.path.join(base, rel_path) 367 if test(full_path): 368 return full_path 369 fatal("%s not found in %s" % (rel_path, base_list)) 370 371def find_file(base_list, rel_path): 372 return find_path(base_list, rel_path, os.path.isfile) 373 374executable = find_path(benchmark_path, options.cmd, os.path.exists) 375# it's common for a benchmark to be in a directory with the same 376# name as the executable, so we handle that automatically 377if os.path.isdir(executable): 378 benchmark_path = [executable] 379 executable = find_file(benchmark_path, options.cmd) 380if options.kernel_files: 381 kernel_files = [find_file(benchmark_path, f) 382 for f in options.kernel_files.split(':')] 383else: 384 # if kernel_files is not set, see if there's a unique .asm file 385 # in the same directory as the executable 386 kernel_path = os.path.dirname(executable) 387 kernel_files = glob.glob(os.path.join(kernel_path, '*.asm')) 388 if kernel_files: 389 print("Using GPU kernel code file(s)", ",".join(kernel_files)) 390 else: 391 fatal("Can't locate kernel code (.asm) in " + kernel_path) 392 393# OpenCL driver 394driver = ClDriver(filename="hsa", codefile=kernel_files) 395for cpu in cpu_list: 396 cpu.createThreads() 397 cpu.workload = Process(executable = executable, 398 cmd = [options.cmd] + options.options.split(), 399 drivers = [driver]) 400for cp in cp_list: 401 cp.workload = host_cpu.workload 402 403if fast_forward: 404 for i in range(len(future_cpu_list)): 405 future_cpu_list[i].workload = cpu_list[i].workload 406 future_cpu_list[i].createThreads() 407 408########################## Create the overall system ######################## 409# List of CPUs that must be switched when moving between KVM and simulation 410if fast_forward: 411 switch_cpu_list = \ 412 [(cpu_list[i], future_cpu_list[i]) for i in range(options.num_cpus)] 413 414# Full list of processing cores in the system. Note that 415# dispatcher is also added to cpu_list although it is 416# not a processing element 417cpu_list = cpu_list + [shader] + cp_list + [dispatcher] 418 419# creating the overall system 420# notice the cpu list is explicitly added as a parameter to System 421system = System(cpu = cpu_list, 422 mem_ranges = [AddrRange(options.mem_size)], 423 cache_line_size = options.cacheline_size, 424 mem_mode = mem_mode) 425if fast_forward: 426 system.future_cpu = future_cpu_list 427system.voltage_domain = VoltageDomain(voltage = options.sys_voltage) 428system.clk_domain = SrcClockDomain(clock = options.sys_clock, 429 voltage_domain = system.voltage_domain) 430 431if fast_forward: 432 have_kvm_support = 'BaseKvmCPU' in globals() 433 if have_kvm_support and buildEnv['TARGET_ISA'] == "x86": 434 system.vm = KvmVM() 435 for i in range(len(host_cpu.workload)): 436 host_cpu.workload[i].useArchPT = True 437 host_cpu.workload[i].kvmInSE = True 438 else: 439 fatal("KvmCPU can only be used in SE mode with x86") 440 441# configure the TLB hierarchy 442GPUTLBConfig.config_tlb_hierarchy(options, system, shader_idx) 443 444# create Ruby system 445system.piobus = IOXBar(width=32, response_latency=0, 446 frontend_latency=0, forward_latency=0) 447Ruby.create_system(options, None, system) 448system.ruby.clk_domain = SrcClockDomain(clock = options.ruby_clock, 449 voltage_domain = system.voltage_domain) 450 451# attach the CPU ports to Ruby 452for i in range(options.num_cpus): 453 ruby_port = system.ruby._cpu_ports[i] 454 455 # Create interrupt controller 456 system.cpu[i].createInterruptController() 457 458 # Connect cache port's to ruby 459 system.cpu[i].icache_port = ruby_port.slave 460 system.cpu[i].dcache_port = ruby_port.slave 461 462 ruby_port.mem_master_port = system.piobus.slave 463 if buildEnv['TARGET_ISA'] == "x86": 464 system.cpu[i].interrupts[0].pio = system.piobus.master 465 system.cpu[i].interrupts[0].int_master = system.piobus.slave 466 system.cpu[i].interrupts[0].int_slave = system.piobus.master 467 if fast_forward: 468 system.cpu[i].itb.walker.port = ruby_port.slave 469 system.cpu[i].dtb.walker.port = ruby_port.slave 470 471# attach CU ports to Ruby 472# Because of the peculiarities of the CP core, you may have 1 CPU but 2 473# sequencers and thus 2 _cpu_ports created. Your GPUs shouldn't be 474# hooked up until after the CP. To make this script generic, figure out 475# the index as below, but note that this assumes there is one sequencer 476# per compute unit and one sequencer per SQC for the math to work out 477# correctly. 478gpu_port_idx = len(system.ruby._cpu_ports) \ 479 - options.num_compute_units - options.num_sqc 480gpu_port_idx = gpu_port_idx - options.num_cp * 2 481 482wavefront_size = options.wf_size 483for i in range(n_cu): 484 # The pipeline issues wavefront_size number of uncoalesced requests 485 # in one GPU issue cycle. Hence wavefront_size mem ports. 486 for j in range(wavefront_size): 487 system.cpu[shader_idx].CUs[i].memory_port[j] = \ 488 system.ruby._cpu_ports[gpu_port_idx].slave[j] 489 gpu_port_idx += 1 490 491for i in range(n_cu): 492 if i > 0 and not i % options.cu_per_sqc: 493 print("incrementing idx on ", i) 494 gpu_port_idx += 1 495 system.cpu[shader_idx].CUs[i].sqc_port = \ 496 system.ruby._cpu_ports[gpu_port_idx].slave 497gpu_port_idx = gpu_port_idx + 1 498 499# attach CP ports to Ruby 500for i in range(options.num_cp): 501 system.cpu[cp_idx].createInterruptController() 502 system.cpu[cp_idx].dcache_port = \ 503 system.ruby._cpu_ports[gpu_port_idx + i * 2].slave 504 system.cpu[cp_idx].icache_port = \ 505 system.ruby._cpu_ports[gpu_port_idx + i * 2 + 1].slave 506 system.cpu[cp_idx].interrupts[0].pio = system.piobus.master 507 system.cpu[cp_idx].interrupts[0].int_master = system.piobus.slave 508 system.cpu[cp_idx].interrupts[0].int_slave = system.piobus.master 509 cp_idx = cp_idx + 1 510 511# connect dispatcher to the system.piobus 512dispatcher.pio = system.piobus.master 513dispatcher.dma = system.piobus.slave 514 515################# Connect the CPU and GPU via GPU Dispatcher ################### 516# CPU rings the GPU doorbell to notify a pending task 517# using this interface. 518# And GPU uses this interface to notify the CPU of task completion 519# The communcation happens through emulated driver. 520 521# Note this implicit setting of the cpu_pointer, shader_pointer and tlb array 522# parameters must be after the explicit setting of the System cpu list 523if fast_forward: 524 shader.cpu_pointer = future_cpu_list[0] 525 dispatcher.cpu = future_cpu_list[0] 526else: 527 shader.cpu_pointer = host_cpu 528 dispatcher.cpu = host_cpu 529dispatcher.shader_pointer = shader 530dispatcher.cl_driver = driver 531 532########################## Start simulation ######################## 533 534root = Root(system=system, full_system=False) 535m5.ticks.setGlobalFrequency('1THz') 536if options.abs_max_tick: 537 maxtick = options.abs_max_tick 538else: 539 maxtick = m5.MaxTick 540 541# Benchmarks support work item annotations 542Simulation.setWorkCountOptions(system, options) 543 544# Checkpointing is not supported by APU model 545if (options.checkpoint_dir != None or 546 options.checkpoint_restore != None): 547 fatal("Checkpointing not supported by apu model") 548 549checkpoint_dir = None 550m5.instantiate(checkpoint_dir) 551 552# Map workload to this address space 553host_cpu.workload[0].map(0x10000000, 0x200000000, 4096) 554 555if options.fast_forward: 556 print("Switch at instruction count: %d" % cpu_list[0].max_insts_any_thread) 557 558exit_event = m5.simulate(maxtick) 559 560if options.fast_forward: 561 if exit_event.getCause() == "a thread reached the max instruction count": 562 m5.switchCpus(system, switch_cpu_list) 563 print("Switched CPUS @ tick %s" % (m5.curTick())) 564 m5.stats.reset() 565 exit_event = m5.simulate(maxtick - m5.curTick()) 566elif options.fast_forward_pseudo_op: 567 while exit_event.getCause() == "switchcpu": 568 # If we are switching *to* kvm, then the current stats are meaningful 569 # Note that we don't do any warmup by default 570 if type(switch_cpu_list[0][0]) == FutureCpuClass: 571 print("Dumping stats...") 572 m5.stats.dump() 573 m5.switchCpus(system, switch_cpu_list) 574 print("Switched CPUS @ tick %s" % (m5.curTick())) 575 m5.stats.reset() 576 # This lets us switch back and forth without keeping a counter 577 switch_cpu_list = [(x[1], x[0]) for x in switch_cpu_list] 578 exit_event = m5.simulate(maxtick - m5.curTick()) 579 580print("Ticks:", m5.curTick()) 581print('Exiting because ', exit_event.getCause()) 582sys.exit(exit_event.getCode()) 583