1/* 2 tests/test_kwargs_and_defaults.cpp -- keyword arguments and default values 3 4 Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch> 5 6 All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a 7 BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file. 8*/ 9 10#include "pybind11_tests.h" 11#include "constructor_stats.h" 12#include <pybind11/stl.h> 13 14TEST_SUBMODULE(kwargs_and_defaults, m) { 15 auto kw_func = [](int x, int y) { return "x=" + std::to_string(x) + ", y=" + std::to_string(y); }; 16 17 // test_named_arguments 18 m.def("kw_func0", kw_func); 19 m.def("kw_func1", kw_func, py::arg("x"), py::arg("y")); 20 m.def("kw_func2", kw_func, py::arg("x") = 100, py::arg("y") = 200); 21 m.def("kw_func3", [](const char *) { }, py::arg("data") = std::string("Hello world!")); 22 23 /* A fancier default argument */ 24 std::vector<int> list{{13, 17}}; 25 m.def("kw_func4", [](const std::vector<int> &entries) { 26 std::string ret = "{"; 27 for (int i : entries) 28 ret += std::to_string(i) + " "; 29 ret.back() = '}'; 30 return ret; 31 }, py::arg("myList") = list); 32 33 m.def("kw_func_udl", kw_func, "x"_a, "y"_a=300); 34 m.def("kw_func_udl_z", kw_func, "x"_a, "y"_a=0); 35 36 // test_args_and_kwargs 37 m.def("args_function", [](py::args args) -> py::tuple { 38 return std::move(args); 39 }); 40 m.def("args_kwargs_function", [](py::args args, py::kwargs kwargs) { 41 return py::make_tuple(args, kwargs); 42 }); 43 44 // test_mixed_args_and_kwargs 45 m.def("mixed_plus_args", [](int i, double j, py::args args) { 46 return py::make_tuple(i, j, args); 47 }); 48 m.def("mixed_plus_kwargs", [](int i, double j, py::kwargs kwargs) { 49 return py::make_tuple(i, j, kwargs); 50 }); 51 auto mixed_plus_both = [](int i, double j, py::args args, py::kwargs kwargs) { 52 return py::make_tuple(i, j, args, kwargs); 53 }; 54 m.def("mixed_plus_args_kwargs", mixed_plus_both); 55 56 m.def("mixed_plus_args_kwargs_defaults", mixed_plus_both, 57 py::arg("i") = 1, py::arg("j") = 3.14159); 58 59 // test_args_refcount 60 // PyPy needs a garbage collection to get the reference count values to match CPython's behaviour 61 #ifdef PYPY_VERSION 62 #define GC_IF_NEEDED ConstructorStats::gc() 63 #else 64 #define GC_IF_NEEDED 65 #endif 66 m.def("arg_refcount_h", [](py::handle h) { GC_IF_NEEDED; return h.ref_count(); }); 67 m.def("arg_refcount_h", [](py::handle h, py::handle, py::handle) { GC_IF_NEEDED; return h.ref_count(); }); 68 m.def("arg_refcount_o", [](py::object o) { GC_IF_NEEDED; return o.ref_count(); }); 69 m.def("args_refcount", [](py::args a) { 70 GC_IF_NEEDED; 71 py::tuple t(a.size()); 72 for (size_t i = 0; i < a.size(); i++) 73 // Use raw Python API here to avoid an extra, intermediate incref on the tuple item: 74 t[i] = (int) Py_REFCNT(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(a.ptr(), static_cast<ssize_t>(i))); 75 return t; 76 }); 77 m.def("mixed_args_refcount", [](py::object o, py::args a) { 78 GC_IF_NEEDED; 79 py::tuple t(a.size() + 1); 80 t[0] = o.ref_count(); 81 for (size_t i = 0; i < a.size(); i++) 82 // Use raw Python API here to avoid an extra, intermediate incref on the tuple item: 83 t[i + 1] = (int) Py_REFCNT(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(a.ptr(), static_cast<ssize_t>(i))); 84 return t; 85 }); 86 87 // pybind11 won't allow these to be bound: args and kwargs, if present, must be at the end. 88 // Uncomment these to test that the static_assert is indeed working: 89// m.def("bad_args1", [](py::args, int) {}); 90// m.def("bad_args2", [](py::kwargs, int) {}); 91// m.def("bad_args3", [](py::kwargs, py::args) {}); 92// m.def("bad_args4", [](py::args, int, py::kwargs) {}); 93// m.def("bad_args5", [](py::args, py::kwargs, int) {}); 94// m.def("bad_args6", [](py::args, py::args) {}); 95// m.def("bad_args7", [](py::kwargs, py::kwargs) {}); 96 97 // test_function_signatures (along with most of the above) 98 struct KWClass { void foo(int, float) {} }; 99 py::class_<KWClass>(m, "KWClass") 100 .def("foo0", &KWClass::foo) 101 .def("foo1", &KWClass::foo, "x"_a, "y"_a); 102} 103