config: Add a BaseSESystem builder for re-use in regressions

This patch extends the existing system builders to also include a
syscall-emulation builder. This builder is deployed in all
syscall-emulation regressions that do not involve Ruby,
i.e. o3-timing, simple-timing and simple-atomic, as well as the
multi-processor regressions o3-timing-mp, simple-timing-mp and
simple-atomic-mp (the latter are only used by SPARC at this point).

The values chosen for the cache sizes match those that were used in
the existing config scripts (despite being on the large
side). Similarly, a mem_class parameter is added to the builder base
class to enable simple-atomic to use SimpleMemory and o3-timing to use
the default DDR3 configuration.

Due to the different order the ports are connected, the bus stats get
shuffled around for the multi-processor regressions. A separate patch
bumps the port indices. Besides this, all behaviour is exactly the
same.

config: Add a system clock command-line option

This patch adds a 'sys_clock' command-line option and use it to assign
clocks to the system during instantiation.

As part of this change, the default clock in the System class is
removed and whenever a system is instantiated a system clock value
must be set. A default value is provided for the command-line option.

The configs and tests are updated accordingly.

tests: Always specify memory mode in every test system.

Previous to this change we didn't always set the memory mode which worked as
long as we never attempted to switch CPUs or checked that a CPU was in a
memory system with the correct mode. Future changes will make CPUs verify
that they're operating in the correct mode and thus we need to always set it.

config: Unify caches used in regressions and adjust L2 MSHRs

This patch unified the L1 and L2 caches used throughout the
regressions instead of declaring different, but very similar,
configurations in the different scripts.

The patch also changes the default L2 configuration to match what it
used to be for the fs and se scripts (until the last patch that
updated the regressions to also make use of the cache config). The
MSHRs and targets per MSHR are now set to a more realistic default of
20 and 12, respectively.

As a result of both the aforementioned changes, many of the regression
stats are changed. A follow-on patch will bump the stats.

Mem: Use cycles to express cache-related latencies

This patch changes the cache-related latencies from an absolute time
expressed in Ticks, to a number of cycles that can be scaled with the
clock period of the caches. Ultimately this patch serves to enable
future work that involves dynamic frequency scaling. As an immediate
benefit it also makes it more convenient to specify cache performance
without implicitly assuming a specific CPU core operating frequency.

The stat blocked_cycles that actually counter in ticks is now updated
to count in cycles.

As the timing is now rounded to the clock edges of the cache, there
are some regressions that change. Plenty of them have very minor
changes, whereas some regressions with a short run-time are perturbed
quite significantly. A follow-on patch updates all the statistics for
the regressions.

Cache: add a response latency to the caches

In the current caches the hit latency is paid twice on a miss. This patch lets
a configurable response latency be set of the cache for the backward path.

Bus: Split the bus into a non-coherent and coherent bus

This patch introduces a class hierarchy of buses, a non-coherent one,
and a coherent one, splitting the existing bus functionality. By doing
so it also enables further specialisation of the two types of buses.

A non-coherent bus connects a number of non-snooping masters and
slaves, and routes the request and response packets based on the
address. The request packets issued by the master connected to a
non-coherent bus could still snoop in caches attached to a coherent
bus, as is the case with the I/O bus and memory bus in most system
configurations. No snoops will, however, reach any master on the
non-coherent bus itself. The non-coherent bus can be used as a
template for modelling PCI, PCIe, and non-coherent AMBA and OCP buses,
and is typically used for the I/O buses.

A coherent bus connects a number of (potentially) snooping masters and
slaves, and routes the request and response packets based on the
address, and also forwards all requests to the snoopers and deals with
the snoop responses. The coherent bus can be used as a template for
modelling QPI, HyperTransport, ACE and coherent OCP buses, and is
typically used for the L1-to-L2 buses and as the main system
interconnect.

The configuration scripts are updated to use a NoncoherentBus for all
peripheral and I/O buses.

A bit of minor tidying up has also been done.

MEM: Enable multiple distributed generalized memories

This patch removes the assumption on having on single instance of
PhysicalMemory, and enables a distributed memory where the individual
memories in the system are each responsible for a single contiguous
address range.

All memories inherit from an AbstractMemory that encompasses the basic
behaviuor of a random access memory, and provides untimed access
methods. What was previously called PhysicalMemory is now
SimpleMemory, and a subclass of AbstractMemory. All future types of
memory controllers should inherit from AbstractMemory.

To enable e.g. the atomic CPU and RubyPort to access the now
distributed memory, the system has a wrapper class, called
PhysicalMemory that is aware of all the memories in the system and
their associated address ranges. This class thus acts as an
infinitely-fast bus and performs address decoding for these "shortcut"
accesses. Each memory can specify that it should not be part of the
global address map (used e.g. by the functional memories by some
testers). Moreover, each memory can be configured to be reported to
the OS configuration table, useful for populating ATAG structures, and
any potential ACPI tables.

Checkpointing support currently assumes that all memories have the
same size and organisation when creating and resuming from the
checkpoint. A future patch will enable a more flexible
re-organisation.

CPU: Check that the interrupt controller is created when needed

This patch adds a creation-time check to the CPU to ensure that the
interrupt controller is created for the cases where it is needed,
i.e. if the CPU is not being switched in later and not a checker CPU.

The patch also adds the "createInterruptController" call to a number
of the regression scripts.

MEM: Introduce the master/slave port roles in the Python classes

This patch classifies all ports in Python as either Master or Slave
and enforces a binding of master to slave. Conceptually, a master (such
as a CPU or DMA port) issues requests, and receives responses, and
conversely, a slave (such as a memory or a PIO device) receives
requests and sends back responses. Currently there is no
differentiation between coherent and non-coherent masters and slaves.

The classification as master/slave also involves splitting the dual
role port of the bus into a master and slave port and updating all the
system assembly scripts to use the appropriate port. Similarly, the
interrupt devices have to have their int_port split into a master and
slave port. The intdev and its children have minimal changes to
facilitate the extra port.

Note that this patch does not enforce any port typing in the C++
world, it merely ensures that the Python objects have a notion of the
port roles and are connected in an appropriate manner. This check is
carried when two ports are connected, e.g. bus.master =
memory.port. The following patches will make use of the
classifications and specialise the C++ ports into masters and slaves.

SE/FS: Make SE vs. FS mode a runtime parameter.

MEM: Add port proxies instead of non-structural ports

Port proxies are used to replace non-structural ports, and thus enable
all ports in the system to correspond to a structural entity. This has
the advantage of accessing memory through the normal memory subsystem
and thus allowing any constellation of distributed memories, address
maps, etc. Most accesses are done through the "system port" that is
used for loading binaries, debugging etc. For the entities that belong
to the CPU, e.g. threads and thread contexts, they wrap the CPU data
port in a port proxy.

The following replacements are made:
FunctionalPort > PortProxy
TranslatingPort > SETranslatingPortProxy
VirtualPort > FSTranslatingPortProxy

Mem: Fix issue with dirty block being lost when entire block transferred to non-cache.

This change fixes the problem for all the cases we actively use. If you want to try
more creative I/O device attachments (E.g. sharing an L2), this won't work. You
would need another level of caching between the I/O device and the cache
(which you actually need anyway with our current code to make sure writes
propagate). This is required so that you can mark the cache in between as
top level and it won't try to send ownership of a block to the I/O device.
Asserts have been added that should catch any issues.

Config: Keep track of uncached and cached ports separately.

This makes sure that the address ranges requested for caches and uncached ports
don't conflict with each other, and that accesses which are always uncached
(message signaled interrupts for instance) don't waste time passing through
caches.

remove hit_latency and make latency do the right thing
set the latency parameter in terms of a latency
add caches to tsunami-simple configs

configs/common/Caches.py:
tests/configs/memtest.py:
tests/configs/o3-timing-mp.py:
tests/configs/o3-timing.py:
tests/configs/simple-atomic-mp.py:
tests/configs/simple-timing-mp.py:
tests/configs/simple-timing.py:
set the latency parameter in terms of a latency
configs/common/FSConfig.py:
give the bridge a default latency too
src/mem/cache/cache_builder.cc:
src/python/m5/objects/BaseCache.py:
remove hit_latency and make latency do the right thing
tests/configs/tsunami-simple-atomic-dual.py:
tests/configs/tsunami-simple-atomic.py:
tests/configs/tsunami-simple-timing-dual.py:
tests/configs/tsunami-simple-timing.py:
add caches to tsunami-simple configs

Update configs to set the CPU clock properly.

Remove mem parameter. Now the translating port asks the CPU's dcache's peer for its MemObject instead of having to have a paramter for the MemObject.

configs/example/fs.py:
configs/example/se.py:
src/cpu/simple/base.cc:
src/cpu/simple/base.hh:
src/cpu/simple/timing.cc:
src/cpu/simple_thread.cc:
src/cpu/simple_thread.hh:
src/cpu/thread_state.cc:
src/cpu/thread_state.hh:
tests/configs/o3-timing-mp.py:
tests/configs/o3-timing.py:
tests/configs/simple-atomic-mp.py:
tests/configs/simple-atomic.py:
tests/configs/simple-timing-mp.py:
tests/configs/simple-timing.py:
tests/configs/tsunami-simple-atomic-dual.py:
tests/configs/tsunami-simple-atomic.py:
tests/configs/tsunami-simple-timing-dual.py:
tests/configs/tsunami-simple-timing.py:
No need for mem parameter any more.
src/cpu/checker/cpu.cc:
Use new constructor for simple thread (no more MemObject parameter).
src/cpu/checker/cpu.hh:
Remove MemObject parameter.
src/cpu/memtest/memtest.hh:
Ports now take in their MemObject owner.
src/cpu/o3/alpha/cpu_builder.cc:
Remove mem parameter.
src/cpu/o3/alpha/cpu_impl.hh:
Remove memory parameter and clean up handling of TranslatingPort.
src/cpu/o3/cpu.cc:
src/cpu/o3/cpu.hh:
src/cpu/o3/fetch.hh:
src/cpu/o3/fetch_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/mips/cpu_builder.cc:
src/cpu/o3/mips/cpu_impl.hh:
src/cpu/o3/params.hh:
src/cpu/o3/thread_state.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/cpu.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/cpu_builder.cc:
src/cpu/ozone/cpu_impl.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/front_end.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/front_end_impl.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/lw_lsq.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/lw_lsq_impl.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/simple_params.hh:
src/cpu/ozone/thread_state.hh:
src/cpu/simple/atomic.cc:
Remove memory parameter.

Implement Alpha LL/SC support for SimpleCPU (Atomic & Timing)
and PhysicalMemory. *No* support for caches or O3CPU.
Note that properly setting cpu_id on all CPUs is now required
for correct operation.

src/arch/SConscript:
src/base/traceflags.py:
src/cpu/base.hh:
src/cpu/simple/atomic.cc:
src/cpu/simple/timing.cc:
src/cpu/simple/timing.hh:
src/mem/physical.cc:
src/mem/physical.hh:
src/mem/request.hh:
src/python/m5/objects/BaseCPU.py:
tests/configs/simple-atomic.py:
tests/configs/simple-timing.py:
tests/configs/tsunami-simple-atomic-dual.py:
tests/configs/tsunami-simple-atomic.py:
tests/configs/tsunami-simple-timing-dual.py:
tests/configs/tsunami-simple-timing.py:
Implement Alpha LL/SC support for SimpleCPU (Atomic & Timing)
and PhysicalMemory. *No* support for caches or O3CPU.

Merge zizzer:/z/m5/Bitkeeper/newmem
into zizzer.eecs.umich.edu:/.automount/zazzer/z/rdreslin/m5bk/newmem

src/python/m5/objects/BaseCPU.py:
Merge duplicate change

Add caches in, fix cpu.mem param

More regression updates.
Get rid of caches in simple-timing config for now.

tests/SConscript:
another line for diff to ignore
tests/configs/simple-timing.py:
turn off caches for now
tests/quick/00.hello/ref/mips/linux/simple-atomic/m5stats.txt:
tests/quick/00.hello/ref/mips/linux/simple-atomic/stdout:
tests/quick/00.hello/ref/sparc/linux/simple-atomic/m5stats.txt:
tests/quick/00.hello/ref/sparc/linux/simple-atomic/stdout:
update for inst/tick rate (old one was debug?)
tests/quick/20.eio-short/ref/alpha/eio/simple-timing/config.ini:
tests/quick/20.eio-short/ref/alpha/eio/simple-timing/config.out:
tests/quick/20.eio-short/ref/alpha/eio/simple-timing/m5stats.txt:
tests/quick/20.eio-short/ref/alpha/eio/simple-timing/stderr:
tests/quick/20.eio-short/ref/alpha/eio/simple-timing/stdout:
works now (no caches)

Fix the caches not working in the regression

src/python/m5/objects/BaseCPU.py:
Make mem parameter a MemObject, not just a PhysicalMemory
Fix a reference not using self
tests/configs/simple-atomic.py:
Set the mem paramter
tests/configs/simple-timing.py:
Set the mem parameter

Finish test clean-up & reorg.

configs/common/FSConfig.py:
Add default Machine() param
configs/example/fs.py:
configs/example/se.py:
make it work again
src/python/m5/objects/BaseCPU.py:
Make mem PhysicalMemory so that a Parent.any proxy works well
src/sim/process.cc:
Increase default stack size so we don't get an
'increasing stack' message on 'hello world'
tests/SConscript:
Add full list of current configs.
tests/configs/simple-atomic.py:
tests/configs/simple-timing.py:
don't need SEConfig anymore
tests/quick/00.hello/test.py:
tests/quick/20.eio-short/test.py:
fix
tests/run.py:
move configs to separate dir