process.cc revision 2972 
1/*
2 * Copyright (c) 2001-2005 The Regents of The University of Michigan
3 * All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
7 * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
9 * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
12 * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
13 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
14 * this software without specific prior written permission.
15 *
16 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
17 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
18 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
19 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
20 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
21 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
22 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
23 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
24 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
25 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
26 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27 *
28 * Authors: Nathan Binkert
29 *          Steve Reinhardt
30 *          Ali Saidi
31 */
32
33#include <unistd.h>
34#include <fcntl.h>
35
36#include <string>
37
38#include "base/intmath.hh"
39#include "base/loader/object_file.hh"
40#include "base/loader/symtab.hh"
41#include "base/statistics.hh"
42#include "config/full_system.hh"
43#include "cpu/thread_context.hh"
44#include "mem/page_table.hh"
45#include "mem/physical.hh"
46#include "mem/translating_port.hh"
47#include "sim/builder.hh"
48#include "sim/process.hh"
49#include "sim/stats.hh"
50#include "sim/syscall_emul.hh"
51#include "sim/system.hh"
52
53#include "arch/isa_specific.hh"
54#if THE_ISA == ALPHA_ISA
55#include "arch/alpha/linux/process.hh"
56#include "arch/alpha/tru64/process.hh"
57#elif THE_ISA == SPARC_ISA
58#include "arch/sparc/linux/process.hh"
59#include "arch/sparc/solaris/process.hh"
60#elif THE_ISA == MIPS_ISA
61#include "arch/mips/linux/process.hh"
62#else
63#error "THE_ISA not set"
64#endif
65
66
67using namespace std;
68using namespace TheISA;
69
70//
71// The purpose of this code is to fake the loader & syscall mechanism
72// when there's no OS: thus there's no resone to use it in FULL_SYSTEM
73// mode when we do have an OS
74//
75#if FULL_SYSTEM
76#error "process.cc not compatible with FULL_SYSTEM"
77#endif
78
79// current number of allocated processes
80int num_processes = 0;
81
82Process::Process(const string &nm,
83                 System *_system,
84                 int stdin_fd, 	// initial I/O descriptors
85                 int stdout_fd,
86                 int stderr_fd)
87    : SimObject(nm), system(_system)
88{
89    // initialize first 3 fds (stdin, stdout, stderr)
90    fd_map[STDIN_FILENO] = stdin_fd;
91    fd_map[STDOUT_FILENO] = stdout_fd;
92    fd_map[STDERR_FILENO] = stderr_fd;
93
94    // mark remaining fds as free
95    for (int i = 3; i <= MAX_FD; ++i) {
96        fd_map[i] = -1;
97    }
98
99    mmap_start = mmap_end = 0;
100    nxm_start = nxm_end = 0;
101    pTable = new PageTable(system);
102    // other parameters will be initialized when the program is loaded
103}
104
105
106void
107Process::regStats()
108{
109    using namespace Stats;
110
111    num_syscalls
112        .name(name() + ".PROG:num_syscalls")
113        .desc("Number of system calls")
114        ;
115}
116
117//
118// static helper functions
119//
120int
121Process::openInputFile(const string &filename)
122{
123    int fd = open(filename.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
124
125    if (fd == -1) {
126        perror(NULL);
127        cerr << "unable to open \"" << filename << "\" for reading\n";
128        fatal("can't open input file");
129    }
130
131    return fd;
132}
133
134
135int
136Process::openOutputFile(const string &filename)
137{
138    int fd = open(filename.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0774);
139
140    if (fd == -1) {
141        perror(NULL);
142        cerr << "unable to open \"" << filename << "\" for writing\n";
143        fatal("can't open output file");
144    }
145
146    return fd;
147}
148
149
150int
151Process::registerThreadContext(ThreadContext *tc)
152{
153    // add to list
154    int myIndex = threadContexts.size();
155    threadContexts.push_back(tc);
156
157    // return CPU number to caller
158    return myIndex;
159}
160
161void
162Process::startup()
163{
164    if (threadContexts.empty())
165        fatal("Process %s is not associated with any CPUs!\n", name());
166
167    // first thread context for this process... initialize & enable
168    ThreadContext *tc = threadContexts[0];
169
170    // mark this context as active so it will start ticking.
171    tc->activate(0);
172
173    Port *mem_port;
174    mem_port = system->physmem->getPort("functional");
175    initVirtMem = new TranslatingPort("process init port", pTable, true);
176    mem_port->setPeer(initVirtMem);
177    initVirtMem->setPeer(mem_port);
178}
179
180void
181Process::replaceThreadContext(ThreadContext *tc, int tcIndex)
182{
183    if (tcIndex >= threadContexts.size()) {
184        panic("replaceThreadContext: bad tcIndex, %d >= %d\n",
185              tcIndex, threadContexts.size());
186    }
187
188    threadContexts[tcIndex] = tc;
189}
190
191// map simulator fd sim_fd to target fd tgt_fd
192void
193Process::dup_fd(int sim_fd, int tgt_fd)
194{
195    if (tgt_fd < 0 || tgt_fd > MAX_FD)
196        panic("Process::dup_fd tried to dup past MAX_FD (%d)", tgt_fd);
197
198    fd_map[tgt_fd] = sim_fd;
199}
200
201
202// generate new target fd for sim_fd
203int
204Process::alloc_fd(int sim_fd)
205{
206    // in case open() returns an error, don't allocate a new fd
207    if (sim_fd == -1)
208        return -1;
209
210    // find first free target fd
211    for (int free_fd = 0; free_fd < MAX_FD; ++free_fd) {
212        if (fd_map[free_fd] == -1) {
213            fd_map[free_fd] = sim_fd;
214            return free_fd;
215        }
216    }
217
218    panic("Process::alloc_fd: out of file descriptors!");
219}
220
221
222// free target fd (e.g., after close)
223void
224Process::free_fd(int tgt_fd)
225{
226    if (fd_map[tgt_fd] == -1)
227        warn("Process::free_fd: request to free unused fd %d", tgt_fd);
228
229    fd_map[tgt_fd] = -1;
230}
231
232
233// look up simulator fd for given target fd
234int
235Process::sim_fd(int tgt_fd)
236{
237    if (tgt_fd > MAX_FD)
238        return -1;
239
240    return fd_map[tgt_fd];
241}
242
243
244
245//
246// need to declare these here since there is no concrete Process type
247// that can be constructed (i.e., no REGISTER_SIM_OBJECT() macro call,
248// which is where these get declared for concrete types).
249//
250DEFINE_SIM_OBJECT_CLASS_NAME("Process", Process)
251
252
253////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
254//
255// LiveProcess member definitions
256//
257////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
258
259
260void
261copyStringArray(vector<string> &strings, Addr array_ptr, Addr data_ptr,
262                TranslatingPort* memPort)
263{
264    Addr data_ptr_swap;
265    for (int i = 0; i < strings.size(); ++i) {
266        data_ptr_swap = htog(data_ptr);
267        memPort->writeBlob(array_ptr, (uint8_t*)&data_ptr_swap, sizeof(Addr));
268        memPort->writeString(data_ptr, strings[i].c_str());
269        array_ptr += sizeof(Addr);
270        data_ptr += strings[i].size() + 1;
271    }
272    // add NULL terminator
273    data_ptr = 0;
274
275    memPort->writeBlob(array_ptr, (uint8_t*)&data_ptr, sizeof(Addr));
276}
277
278LiveProcess::LiveProcess(const string &nm, ObjectFile *_objFile,
279                         System *_system,
280                         int stdin_fd, int stdout_fd, int stderr_fd,
281                         vector<string> &_argv, vector<string> &_envp)
282    : Process(nm, _system, stdin_fd, stdout_fd, stderr_fd),
283      objFile(_objFile), argv(_argv), envp(_envp)
284{
285    prog_fname = argv[0];
286
287    // load up symbols, if any... these may be used for debugging or
288    // profiling.
289    if (!debugSymbolTable) {
290        debugSymbolTable = new SymbolTable();
291        if (!objFile->loadGlobalSymbols(debugSymbolTable) ||
292            !objFile->loadLocalSymbols(debugSymbolTable)) {
293            // didn't load any symbols
294            delete debugSymbolTable;
295            debugSymbolTable = NULL;
296        }
297    }
298}
299
300void
301LiveProcess::argsInit(int intSize, int pageSize)
302{
303    Process::startup();
304
305    // load object file into target memory
306    objFile->loadSections(initVirtMem);
307
308    // Calculate how much space we need for arg & env arrays.
309    int argv_array_size = intSize * (argv.size() + 1);
310    int envp_array_size = intSize * (envp.size() + 1);
311    int arg_data_size = 0;
312    for (int i = 0; i < argv.size(); ++i) {
313        arg_data_size += argv[i].size() + 1;
314    }
315    int env_data_size = 0;
316    for (int i = 0; i < envp.size(); ++i) {
317        env_data_size += envp[i].size() + 1;
318    }
319
320    int space_needed =
321        argv_array_size + envp_array_size + arg_data_size + env_data_size;
322    // for SimpleScalar compatibility
323    if (space_needed < 16384)
324        space_needed = 16384;
325
326    // set bottom of stack
327    stack_min = stack_base - space_needed;
328    // align it
329    stack_min = roundDown(stack_min, pageSize);
330    stack_size = stack_base - stack_min;
331    // map memory
332    pTable->allocate(stack_min, roundUp(stack_size, pageSize));
333
334    // map out initial stack contents
335    Addr argv_array_base = stack_min + intSize; // room for argc
336    Addr envp_array_base = argv_array_base + argv_array_size;
337    Addr arg_data_base = envp_array_base + envp_array_size;
338    Addr env_data_base = arg_data_base + arg_data_size;
339
340    // write contents to stack
341    uint64_t argc = argv.size();
342    if (intSize == 8)
343        argc = htog((uint64_t)argc);
344    else if (intSize == 4)
345        argc = htog((uint32_t)argc);
346    else
347        panic("Unknown int size");
348
349    initVirtMem->writeBlob(stack_min, (uint8_t*)&argc, intSize);
350
351    copyStringArray(argv, argv_array_base, arg_data_base, initVirtMem);
352    copyStringArray(envp, envp_array_base, env_data_base, initVirtMem);
353
354    threadContexts[0]->setIntReg(ArgumentReg0, argc);
355    threadContexts[0]->setIntReg(ArgumentReg1, argv_array_base);
356    threadContexts[0]->setIntReg(StackPointerReg, stack_min);
357
358    Addr prog_entry = objFile->entryPoint();
359    threadContexts[0]->setPC(prog_entry);
360    threadContexts[0]->setNextPC(prog_entry + sizeof(MachInst));
361
362#if THE_ISA != ALPHA_ISA //e.g. MIPS or Sparc
363    threadContexts[0]->setNextNPC(prog_entry + (2 * sizeof(MachInst)));
364#endif
365
366    num_processes++;
367}
368
369void
370LiveProcess::syscall(int64_t callnum, ThreadContext *tc)
371{
372    num_syscalls++;
373
374    SyscallDesc *desc = getDesc(callnum);
375    if (desc == NULL)
376        fatal("Syscall %d out of range", callnum);
377
378    desc->doSyscall(callnum, this, tc);
379}
380
381LiveProcess *
382LiveProcess::create(const std::string &nm, System *system, int stdin_fd,
383                    int stdout_fd, int stderr_fd, std::string executable,
384                    std::vector<std::string> &argv,
385                    std::vector<std::string> &envp)
386{
387    LiveProcess *process = NULL;
388
389    ObjectFile *objFile = createObjectFile(executable);
390    if (objFile == NULL) {
391        fatal("Can't load object file %s", executable);
392    }
393
394#if THE_ISA == ALPHA_ISA
395    if (objFile->getArch() != ObjectFile::Alpha)
396        fatal("Object file architecture does not match compiled ISA (Alpha).");
397    switch (objFile->getOpSys()) {
398      case ObjectFile::Tru64:
399        process = new AlphaTru64Process(nm, objFile, system,
400                                        stdin_fd, stdout_fd, stderr_fd,
401                                        argv, envp);
402        break;
403
404      case ObjectFile::Linux:
405        process = new AlphaLinuxProcess(nm, objFile, system,
406                                        stdin_fd, stdout_fd, stderr_fd,
407                                        argv, envp);
408        break;
409
410      default:
411        fatal("Unknown/unsupported operating system.");
412    }
413#elif THE_ISA == SPARC_ISA
414    if (objFile->getArch() != ObjectFile::SPARC)
415        fatal("Object file architecture does not match compiled ISA (SPARC).");
416    switch (objFile->getOpSys()) {
417      case ObjectFile::Linux:
418        process = new SparcLinuxProcess(nm, objFile, system,
419                                        stdin_fd, stdout_fd, stderr_fd,
420                                        argv, envp);
421        break;
422
423
424      case ObjectFile::Solaris:
425        process = new SparcSolarisProcess(nm, objFile, system,
426                                        stdin_fd, stdout_fd, stderr_fd,
427                                        argv, envp);
428        break;
429      default:
430        fatal("Unknown/unsupported operating system.");
431    }
432#elif THE_ISA == MIPS_ISA
433    if (objFile->getArch() != ObjectFile::Mips)
434        fatal("Object file architecture does not match compiled ISA (MIPS).");
435    switch (objFile->getOpSys()) {
436      case ObjectFile::Linux:
437        process = new MipsLinuxProcess(nm, objFile, system,
438                                        stdin_fd, stdout_fd, stderr_fd,
439                                        argv, envp);
440        break;
441
442      default:
443        fatal("Unknown/unsupported operating system.");
444    }
445#else
446#error "THE_ISA not set"
447#endif
448
449
450    if (process == NULL)
451        fatal("Unknown error creating process object.");
452    return process;
453}
454
455
456BEGIN_DECLARE_SIM_OBJECT_PARAMS(LiveProcess)
457
458    VectorParam<string> cmd;
459    Param<string> executable;
460    Param<string> input;
461    Param<string> output;
462    VectorParam<string> env;
463    SimObjectParam<System *> system;
464
465END_DECLARE_SIM_OBJECT_PARAMS(LiveProcess)
466
467
468BEGIN_INIT_SIM_OBJECT_PARAMS(LiveProcess)
469
470    INIT_PARAM(cmd, "command line (executable plus arguments)"),
471    INIT_PARAM(executable, "executable (overrides cmd[0] if set)"),
472    INIT_PARAM(input, "filename for stdin (dflt: use sim stdin)"),
473    INIT_PARAM(output, "filename for stdout/stderr (dflt: use sim stdout)"),
474    INIT_PARAM(env, "environment settings"),
475    INIT_PARAM(system, "system")
476
477END_INIT_SIM_OBJECT_PARAMS(LiveProcess)
478
479
480CREATE_SIM_OBJECT(LiveProcess)
481{
482    string in = input;
483    string out = output;
484
485    // initialize file descriptors to default: same as simulator
486    int stdin_fd, stdout_fd, stderr_fd;
487
488    if (in == "stdin" || in == "cin")
489        stdin_fd = STDIN_FILENO;
490    else
491        stdin_fd = Process::openInputFile(input);
492
493    if (out == "stdout" || out == "cout")
494        stdout_fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
495    else if (out == "stderr" || out == "cerr")
496        stdout_fd = STDERR_FILENO;
497    else
498        stdout_fd = Process::openOutputFile(out);
499
500    stderr_fd = (stdout_fd != STDOUT_FILENO) ? stdout_fd : STDERR_FILENO;
501
502    return LiveProcess::create(getInstanceName(), system,
503                               stdin_fd, stdout_fd, stderr_fd,
504                               (string)executable == "" ? cmd[0] : executable,
505                               cmd, env);
506}
507
508
509REGISTER_SIM_OBJECT("LiveProcess", LiveProcess)
510