src/mem/packet.hh

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2006 The Regents of The University of Michigan
 * Copyright (c) 2010 Advancec Micro Devices, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer;
 * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution;
 * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its
 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 * this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * Authors: Ron Dreslinski
 *          Steve Reinhardt
 *          Ali Saidi
 */

/**
 * @file
 * Declaration of the Packet class.
 */

#ifndef __MEM_PACKET_HH__
#define __MEM_PACKET_HH__

#include <cassert>
#include <list>
#include <bitset>

#include "base/cast.hh"
#include "base/compiler.hh"
#include "base/fast_alloc.hh"
#include "base/flags.hh"
#include "base/misc.hh"
#include "base/printable.hh"
#include "base/types.hh"
#include "mem/request.hh"
#include "sim/core.hh"

struct Packet;
typedef Packet *PacketPtr;
typedef uint8_t* PacketDataPtr;
typedef std::list<PacketPtr> PacketList;

class MemCmd
{
    friend class Packet;

  public:
    /**
     * List of all commands associated with a packet.
     */
    enum Command
    {
        InvalidCmd,
        ReadReq,
        ReadResp,
        ReadRespWithInvalidate,
        WriteReq,
        WriteResp,
        Writeback,
        SoftPFReq,
        HardPFReq,
        SoftPFResp,
        HardPFResp,
        WriteInvalidateReq,
        WriteInvalidateResp,
        UpgradeReq,
        SCUpgradeReq,           // Special "weak" upgrade for StoreCond
        UpgradeResp,
        SCUpgradeFailReq,       // Failed SCUpgradeReq in MSHR (never sent)
        UpgradeFailResp,        // Valid for SCUpgradeReq only
        ReadExReq,
        ReadExResp,
        LoadLockedReq,
        StoreCondReq,
        StoreCondResp,
        SwapReq,
        SwapResp,
        MessageReq,
        MessageResp,
        // Error responses
        // @TODO these should be classified as responses rather than
        // requests; coding them as requests initially for backwards
        // compatibility
        NetworkNackError,  // nacked at network layer (not by protocol)
        InvalidDestError,  // packet dest field invalid
        BadAddressError,   // memory address invalid
        // Fake simulator-only commands
        PrintReq,       // Print state matching address
        NUM_MEM_CMDS
    };

  private:
    /**
     * List of command attributes.
     */
    enum Attribute
    {
        IsRead,         //!< Data flows from responder to requester
        IsWrite,        //!< Data flows from requester to responder
        IsUpgrade,
        IsPrefetch,     //!< Not a demand access
        IsInvalidate,
        NeedsExclusive, //!< Requires exclusive copy to complete in-cache
        IsRequest,      //!< Issued by requester
        IsResponse,     //!< Issue by responder
        NeedsResponse,  //!< Requester needs response from target
        IsSWPrefetch,
        IsHWPrefetch,
        IsLlsc,         //!< Alpha/MIPS LL or SC access
        HasData,        //!< There is an associated payload
        IsError,        //!< Error response
        IsPrint,        //!< Print state matching address (for debugging)
        NUM_COMMAND_ATTRIBUTES
    };

    /**
     * Structure that defines attributes and other data associated
     * with a Command.
     */
    struct CommandInfo
    {
        /// Set of attribute flags.
        const std::bitset<NUM_COMMAND_ATTRIBUTES> attributes;
        /// Corresponding response for requests; InvalidCmd if no
        /// response is applicable.
        const Command response;
        /// String representation (for printing)
        const std::string str;
    };

    /// Array to map Command enum to associated info.
    static const CommandInfo commandInfo[];

  private:

    Command cmd;

    bool
    testCmdAttrib(MemCmd::Attribute attrib) const
    {
        return commandInfo[cmd].attributes[attrib] != 0;
    }

  public:

    bool isRead() const         { return testCmdAttrib(IsRead); }
    bool isWrite() const        { return testCmdAttrib(IsWrite); }
    bool isUpgrade() const      { return testCmdAttrib(IsUpgrade); }
    bool isRequest() const      { return testCmdAttrib(IsRequest); }
    bool isResponse() const     { return testCmdAttrib(IsResponse); }
    bool needsExclusive() const { return testCmdAttrib(NeedsExclusive); }
    bool needsResponse() const  { return testCmdAttrib(NeedsResponse); }
    bool isInvalidate() const   { return testCmdAttrib(IsInvalidate); }
    bool hasData() const        { return testCmdAttrib(HasData); }
    bool isReadWrite() const    { return isRead() && isWrite(); }
    bool isLLSC() const         { return testCmdAttrib(IsLlsc); }
    bool isError() const        { return testCmdAttrib(IsError); }
    bool isPrint() const        { return testCmdAttrib(IsPrint); }

    const Command
    responseCommand() const
    {
        return commandInfo[cmd].response;
    }

    /// Return the string to a cmd given by idx.
    const std::string &toString() const { return commandInfo[cmd].str; }
    int toInt() const { return (int)cmd; }

    MemCmd(Command _cmd) : cmd(_cmd) { }
    MemCmd(int _cmd) : cmd((Command)_cmd) { }
    MemCmd() : cmd(InvalidCmd) { }

    bool operator==(MemCmd c2) const { return (cmd == c2.cmd); }
    bool operator!=(MemCmd c2) const { return (cmd != c2.cmd); }
};

/**
 * A Packet is used to encapsulate a transfer between two objects in
 * the memory system (e.g., the L1 and L2 cache).  (In contrast, a
 * single Request travels all the way from the requester to the
 * ultimate destination and back, possibly being conveyed by several
 * different Packets along the way.)
 */
class Packet : public FastAlloc, public Printable
{
  public:
    typedef uint32_t FlagsType;
    typedef ::Flags<FlagsType> Flags;
    typedef short NodeID;

  private:
    static const FlagsType PUBLIC_FLAGS           = 0x00000000;
    static const FlagsType PRIVATE_FLAGS          = 0x00007F0F;
    static const FlagsType COPY_FLAGS             = 0x0000000F;

    static const FlagsType SHARED                 = 0x00000001;
    // Special control flags
    /// Special timing-mode atomic snoop for multi-level coherence.
    static const FlagsType EXPRESS_SNOOP          = 0x00000002;
    /// Does supplier have exclusive copy?
    /// Useful for multi-level coherence.
    static const FlagsType SUPPLY_EXCLUSIVE       = 0x00000004;
    // Snoop response flags
    static const FlagsType MEM_INHIBIT            = 0x00000008;
    /// Are the 'addr' and 'size' fields valid?
    static const FlagsType VALID_ADDR             = 0x00000100;
    static const FlagsType VALID_SIZE             = 0x00000200;
    /// Is the 'src' field valid?
    static const FlagsType VALID_SRC              = 0x00000400;
    static const FlagsType VALID_DST              = 0x00000800;
    /// Is the data pointer set to a value that shouldn't be freed
    /// when the packet is destroyed?
    static const FlagsType STATIC_DATA            = 0x00001000;
    /// The data pointer points to a value that should be freed when
    /// the packet is destroyed.
    static const FlagsType DYNAMIC_DATA           = 0x00002000;
    /// the data pointer points to an array (thus delete []) needs to
    /// be called on it rather than simply delete.
    static const FlagsType ARRAY_DATA             = 0x00004000;

    Flags flags;

  public:
    typedef MemCmd::Command Command;

    /// The command field of the packet.
    MemCmd cmd;

    /// A pointer to the original request.
    RequestPtr req;

  private:
   /**
    * A pointer to the data being transfered.  It can be differnt
    * sizes at each level of the heirarchy so it belongs in the
    * packet, not request. This may or may not be populated when a
    * responder recieves the packet. If not populated it memory should
    * be allocated.
    */
    PacketDataPtr data;

    /// The address of the request.  This address could be virtual or
    /// physical, depending on the system configuration.
    Addr addr;

    /// The size of the request or transfer.
    unsigned size;

    /**
     * Device address (e.g., bus ID) of the source of the
     * transaction. The source is not responsible for setting this
     * field; it is set implicitly by the interconnect when the packet
     * is first sent.
     */
    NodeID src;

    /**
     * Device address (e.g., bus ID) of the destination of the
     * transaction. The special value Broadcast indicates that the
     * packet should be routed based on its address. This field is
     * initialized in the constructor and is thus always valid (unlike
     * addr, size, and src).
     */
    NodeID dest;

    /**
     * The original value of the command field.  Only valid when the
     * current command field is an error condition; in that case, the
     * previous contents of the command field are copied here.  This
     * field is *not* set on non-error responses.
     */
    MemCmd origCmd;

  public:
    /// Used to calculate latencies for each packet.
    Tick time;

    /// The time at which the packet will be fully transmitted
    Tick finishTime;

    /// The time at which the first chunk of the packet will be transmitted
    Tick firstWordTime;

    /// The special destination address indicating that the packet
    /// should be routed based on its address.
    static const NodeID Broadcast = -1;

    /**
     * A virtual base opaque structure used to hold state associated
     * with the packet but specific to the sending device (e.g., an
     * MSHR).  A pointer to this state is returned in the packet's
     * response so that the sender can quickly look up the state
     * needed to process it.  A specific subclass would be derived
     * from this to carry state specific to a particular sending
     * device.
     */
    struct SenderState
    {
        virtual ~SenderState() {}
    };

    /**
     * Object used to maintain state of a PrintReq.  The senderState
     * field of a PrintReq should always be of this type.
     */
    class PrintReqState : public SenderState, public FastAlloc
    {
      private:
        /**
         * An entry in the label stack.
         */
        struct LabelStackEntry
        {
            const std::string label;
            std::string *prefix;
            bool labelPrinted;
            LabelStackEntry(const std::string &_label, std::string *_prefix);
        };

        typedef std::list<LabelStackEntry> LabelStack;
        LabelStack labelStack;

        std::string *curPrefixPtr;

      public:
        std::ostream &os;
        const int verbosity;

        PrintReqState(std::ostream &os, int verbosity = 0);
        ~PrintReqState();

        /**
         * Returns the current line prefix.
         */
        const std::string &curPrefix() { return *curPrefixPtr; }

        /**
         * Push a label onto the label stack, and prepend the given
         * prefix string onto the current prefix.  Labels will only be
         * printed if an object within the label's scope is printed.
         */
        void pushLabel(const std::string &lbl,
                       const std::string &prefix = "  ");

        /**
         * Pop a label off the label stack.
         */
        void popLabel();

        /**
         * Print all of the pending unprinted labels on the
         * stack. Called by printObj(), so normally not called by
         * users unless bypassing printObj().
         */
        void printLabels();

        /**
         * Print a Printable object to os, because it matched the
         * address on a PrintReq.
         */
        void printObj(Printable *obj);
    };

    /**
     * This packet's sender state.  Devices should use dynamic_cast<>
     * to cast to the state appropriate to the sender.  The intent of
     * this variable is to allow a device to attach extra information
     * to a request.  A response packet must return the sender state
     * that was attached to the original request (even if a new packet
     * is created).
     */
    SenderState *senderState;

    /// Return the string name of the cmd field (for debugging and
    /// tracing).
    const std::string &cmdString() const { return cmd.toString(); }

    /// Return the index of this command.
    inline int cmdToIndex() const { return cmd.toInt(); }

    bool isRead() const         { return cmd.isRead(); }
    bool isWrite() const        { return cmd.isWrite(); }
    bool isUpgrade()  const     { return cmd.isUpgrade(); }
    bool isRequest() const      { return cmd.isRequest(); }
    bool isResponse() const     { return cmd.isResponse(); }
    bool needsExclusive() const { return cmd.needsExclusive(); }
    bool needsResponse() const  { return cmd.needsResponse(); }
    bool isInvalidate() const   { return cmd.isInvalidate(); }
    bool hasData() const        { return cmd.hasData(); }
    bool isReadWrite() const    { return cmd.isReadWrite(); }
    bool isLLSC() const         { return cmd.isLLSC(); }
    bool isError() const        { return cmd.isError(); }
    bool isPrint() const        { return cmd.isPrint(); }

    // Snoop flags
    void assertMemInhibit()     { flags.set(MEM_INHIBIT); }
    bool memInhibitAsserted()   { return flags.isSet(MEM_INHIBIT); }
    void assertShared()         { flags.set(SHARED); }
    bool sharedAsserted()       { return flags.isSet(SHARED); }

    // Special control flags
    void setExpressSnoop()      { flags.set(EXPRESS_SNOOP); }
    bool isExpressSnoop()       { return flags.isSet(EXPRESS_SNOOP); }
    void setSupplyExclusive()   { flags.set(SUPPLY_EXCLUSIVE); }
    bool isSupplyExclusive()    { return flags.isSet(SUPPLY_EXCLUSIVE); }

    // Network error conditions... encapsulate them as methods since
    // their encoding keeps changing (from result field to command
    // field, etc.)
    void
    setNacked()
    {
        assert(isResponse());
        cmd = MemCmd::NetworkNackError;
    }

    void
    setBadAddress()
    {
        assert(isResponse());
        cmd = MemCmd::BadAddressError;
    }

    bool wasNacked() const     { return cmd == MemCmd::NetworkNackError; }
    bool hadBadAddress() const { return cmd == MemCmd::BadAddressError; }
    void copyError(Packet *pkt) { assert(pkt->isError()); cmd = pkt->cmd; }

    bool isSrcValid() { return flags.isSet(VALID_SRC); }
    /// Accessor function to get the source index of the packet.
    NodeID getSrc() const    { assert(flags.isSet(VALID_SRC)); return src; }
    /// Accessor function to set the source index of the packet.
    void setSrc(NodeID _src) { src = _src; flags.set(VALID_SRC); }
    /// Reset source field, e.g. to retransmit packet on different bus.
    void clearSrc() { flags.clear(VALID_SRC); }

    bool isDestValid() { return flags.isSet(VALID_DST); }
    /// Accessor function for the destination index of the packet.
    NodeID getDest() const     { assert(flags.isSet(VALID_DST)); return dest; }
    /// Accessor function to set the destination index of the packet.
    void setDest(NodeID _dest) { dest = _dest; flags.set(VALID_DST); }

    Addr getAddr() const { assert(flags.isSet(VALID_ADDR)); return addr; }
    unsigned getSize() const  { assert(flags.isSet(VALID_SIZE)); return size; }
    Addr getOffset(int blkSize) const { return getAddr() & (Addr)(blkSize - 1); }

    /**
     * It has been determined that the SC packet should successfully update
     * memory.  Therefore, convert this SC packet to a normal write.
     */
    void
    convertScToWrite()
    {
        assert(isLLSC());
        assert(isWrite());
        cmd = MemCmd::WriteReq;
    }

    /**
     * When ruby is in use, Ruby will monitor the cache line and thus M5
     * phys memory should treat LL ops as normal reads.
     */
    void
    convertLlToRead()
    {
        assert(isLLSC());
        assert(isRead());
        cmd = MemCmd::ReadReq;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor.  Note that a Request object must be constructed
     * first, but the Requests's physical address and size fields need
     * not be valid. The command and destination addresses must be
     * supplied.
     */
    Packet(Request *_req, MemCmd _cmd, NodeID _dest)
        :  flags(VALID_DST), cmd(_cmd), req(_req), data(NULL),
           dest(_dest), time(curTick), senderState(NULL)
    {
        if (req->hasPaddr()) {
            addr = req->getPaddr();
            flags.set(VALID_ADDR);
        }
        if (req->hasSize()) {
            size = req->getSize();
            flags.set(VALID_SIZE);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Alternate constructor if you are trying to create a packet with
     * a request that is for a whole block, not the address from the
     * req.  this allows for overriding the size/addr of the req.
     */
    Packet(Request *_req, MemCmd _cmd, NodeID _dest, int _blkSize)
        :  flags(VALID_DST), cmd(_cmd), req(_req), data(NULL),
           dest(_dest), time(curTick), senderState(NULL)
    {
        if (req->hasPaddr()) {
            addr = req->getPaddr() & ~(_blkSize - 1);
            flags.set(VALID_ADDR);
        }
        size = _blkSize;
        flags.set(VALID_SIZE);
    }

    /**
     * Alternate constructor for copying a packet.  Copy all fields
     * *except* if the original packet's data was dynamic, don't copy
     * that, as we can't guarantee that the new packet's lifetime is
     * less than that of the original packet.  In this case the new
     * packet should allocate its own data.
     */
    Packet(Packet *pkt, bool clearFlags = false)
        :  cmd(pkt->cmd), req(pkt->req),
           data(pkt->flags.isSet(STATIC_DATA) ? pkt->data : NULL),
           addr(pkt->addr), size(pkt->size), src(pkt->src), dest(pkt->dest),
           time(curTick), senderState(pkt->senderState)
    {
        if (!clearFlags)
            flags.set(pkt->flags & COPY_FLAGS);

        flags.set(pkt->flags & (VALID_ADDR|VALID_SIZE|VALID_SRC|VALID_DST));
        flags.set(pkt->flags & STATIC_DATA);
    }

    /**
     * clean up packet variables
     */
    ~Packet()
    {
        // If this is a request packet for which there's no response,
        // delete the request object here, since the requester will
        // never get the chance.
        if (req && isRequest() && !needsResponse())
            delete req;
        deleteData();
    }

    /**
     * Reinitialize packet address and size from the associated
     * Request object, and reset other fields that may have been
     * modified by a previous transaction.  Typically called when a
     * statically allocated Request/Packet pair is reused for multiple
     * transactions.
     */
    void
    reinitFromRequest()
    {
        assert(req->hasPaddr());
        flags = 0;
        addr = req->getPaddr();
        size = req->getSize();
        time = req->time();

        flags.set(VALID_ADDR|VALID_SIZE);
        deleteData();
    }

    /**
     * Take a request packet and modify it in place to be suitable for
     * returning as a response to that request.  The source and
     * destination fields are *not* modified, as is appropriate for
     * atomic accesses.
     */
    void
    makeResponse()
    {
        assert(needsResponse());
        assert(isRequest());
        origCmd = cmd;
        cmd = cmd.responseCommand();

        // responses are never express, even if the snoop that
        // triggered them was
        flags.clear(EXPRESS_SNOOP);

        dest = src;
        flags.set(VALID_DST, flags.isSet(VALID_SRC));
        flags.clear(VALID_SRC);
    }

    void
    makeAtomicResponse()
    {
        makeResponse();
    }

    void
    makeTimingResponse()
    {
        makeResponse();
    }

    /**
     * Take a request packet that has been returned as NACKED and
     * modify it so that it can be sent out again. Only packets that
     * need a response can be NACKED, so verify that that is true.
     */
    void
    reinitNacked()
    {
        assert(wasNacked());
        cmd = origCmd;
        assert(needsResponse());
        setDest(Broadcast);
    }

    void
    setSize(unsigned size)
    {
        assert(!flags.isSet(VALID_SIZE));

        this->size = size;
        flags.set(VALID_SIZE);
    }


    /**
     * Set the data pointer to the following value that should not be
     * freed.
     */
    template <typename T>
    void
    dataStatic(T *p)
    {
        assert(flags.noneSet(STATIC_DATA|DYNAMIC_DATA|ARRAY_DATA));
        data = (PacketDataPtr)p;
        flags.set(STATIC_DATA);
    }

    /**
     * Set the data pointer to a value that should have delete []
     * called on it.
     */
    template <typename T>
    void
    dataDynamicArray(T *p)
    {
        assert(flags.noneSet(STATIC_DATA|DYNAMIC_DATA|ARRAY_DATA));
        data = (PacketDataPtr)p;
        flags.set(DYNAMIC_DATA|ARRAY_DATA);
    }

    /**
     * set the data pointer to a value that should have delete called
     * on it.
     */
    template <typename T>
    void
    dataDynamic(T *p)
    {
        assert(flags.noneSet(STATIC_DATA|DYNAMIC_DATA|ARRAY_DATA));
        data = (PacketDataPtr)p;
        flags.set(DYNAMIC_DATA);
    }

    /**
     * get a pointer to the data ptr.
     */
    template <typename T>
    T*
    getPtr()
    {
        assert(flags.isSet(STATIC_DATA|DYNAMIC_DATA));
        return (T*)data;
    }

    /**
     * return the value of what is pointed to in the packet.
     */
    template <typename T>
    T get();

    /**
     * set the value in the data pointer to v.
     */
    template <typename T>
    void set(T v);

    /**
     * Copy data into the packet from the provided pointer.
     */
    void
    setData(uint8_t *p)
    {
        std::memcpy(getPtr<uint8_t>(), p, getSize());
    }

    /**
     * Copy data into the packet from the provided block pointer,
     * which is aligned to the given block size.
     */
    void
    setDataFromBlock(uint8_t *blk_data, int blkSize)
    {
        setData(blk_data + getOffset(blkSize));
    }

    /**
     * Copy data from the packet to the provided block pointer, which
     * is aligned to the given block size.
     */
    void
    writeData(uint8_t *p)
    {
        std::memcpy(p, getPtr<uint8_t>(), getSize());
    }

    /**
     * Copy data from the packet to the memory at the provided pointer.
     */
    void
    writeDataToBlock(uint8_t *blk_data, int blkSize)
    {
        writeData(blk_data + getOffset(blkSize));
    }

    /**
     * delete the data pointed to in the data pointer. Ok to call to
     * matter how data was allocted.
     */
    void
    deleteData()
    {
        if (flags.isSet(ARRAY_DATA))
            delete [] data;
        else if (flags.isSet(DYNAMIC_DATA))
            delete data;

        flags.clear(STATIC_DATA|DYNAMIC_DATA|ARRAY_DATA);
        data = NULL;
    }

    /** If there isn't data in the packet, allocate some. */
    void
    allocate()
    {
        if (data) {
            assert(flags.isSet(STATIC_DATA|DYNAMIC_DATA));
            return;
        }

        assert(flags.noneSet(STATIC_DATA|DYNAMIC_DATA));
        flags.set(DYNAMIC_DATA|ARRAY_DATA);
        data = new uint8_t[getSize()];
    }


    /**
     * Check a functional request against a memory value represented
     * by a base/size pair and an associated data array.  If the
     * functional request is a read, it may be satisfied by the memory
     * value.  If the functional request is a write, it may update the
     * memory value.
     */
    bool checkFunctional(Printable *obj, Addr base, int size, uint8_t *data);

    /**
     * Check a functional request against a memory value stored in
     * another packet (i.e. an in-transit request or response).
     */
    bool
    checkFunctional(PacketPtr other)
    {
        uint8_t *data = other->hasData() ? other->getPtr<uint8_t>() : NULL;
        return checkFunctional(other, other->getAddr(), other->getSize(),
                               data);
    }

    /**
     * Push label for PrintReq (safe to call unconditionally).
     */
    void
    pushLabel(const std::string &lbl)
    {
        if (isPrint())
            safe_cast<PrintReqState*>(senderState)->pushLabel(lbl);
    }

    /**
     * Pop label for PrintReq (safe to call unconditionally).
     */
    void
    popLabel()
    {
        if (isPrint())
            safe_cast<PrintReqState*>(senderState)->popLabel();
    }

    void print(std::ostream &o, int verbosity = 0,
               const std::string &prefix = "") const;
};

#endif //__MEM_PACKET_HH