pl111.cc revision 7823:dac01f14f20f
1/* 2 * Copyright (c) 2010 ARM Limited 3 * All rights reserved 4 * 5 * The license below extends only to copyright in the software and shall 6 * not be construed as granting a license to any other intellectual 7 * property including but not limited to intellectual property relating 8 * to a hardware implementation of the functionality of the software 9 * licensed hereunder. You may use the software subject to the license 10 * terms below provided that you ensure that this notice is replicated 11 * unmodified and in its entirety in all distributions of the software, 12 * modified or unmodified, in source code or in binary form. 13 * 14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are 16 * met: redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 17 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer; 18 * redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 19 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 20 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution; 21 * neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its 22 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from 23 * this software without specific prior written permission. 24 * 25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 26 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT 27 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR 28 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT 29 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, 30 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT 31 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 32 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 33 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 34 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE 35 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 36 * 37 * Authors: William Wang 38 */ 39 40#include "base/trace.hh" 41#include "dev/arm/amba_device.hh" 42#include "dev/arm/gic.hh" 43#include "dev/arm/pl111.hh" 44#include "mem/packet.hh" 45#include "mem/packet_access.hh" 46 47using namespace AmbaDev; 48 49// initialize clcd registers 50Pl111::Pl111(const Params *p) 51 : AmbaDmaDevice(p), lcdTiming0(0), lcdTiming1(0), lcdTiming2(0), 52 lcdTiming3(0), lcdUpbase(0), lcdLpbase(0), lcdControl(0), lcdImsc(0), 53 lcdRis(0), lcdMis(0), lcdIcr(0), lcdUpcurr(0), lcdLpcurr(0), 54 clcdCrsrCtrl(0), clcdCrsrConfig(0), clcdCrsrPalette0(0), 55 clcdCrsrPalette1(0), clcdCrsrXY(0), clcdCrsrClip(0), clcdCrsrImsc(0), 56 clcdCrsrIcr(0), clcdCrsrRis(0), clcdCrsrMis(0), clock(p->clock), 57 height(0), width(0), startTime(0), startAddr(0), maxAddr(0), curAddr(0), 58 waterMark(0), dmaPendingNum(0), readEvent(this), fillFifoEvent(this), 59 dmaDoneEvent(maxOutstandingDma, this), intEvent(this) 60{ 61 pioSize = 0xFFFF; 62 63 memset(lcdPalette, 0, sizeof(lcdPalette)); 64 memset(cursorImage, 0, sizeof(cursorImage)); 65 memset(dmaBuffer, 0, sizeof(dmaBuffer)); 66 memset(frameBuffer, 0, sizeof(frameBuffer)); 67} 68 69// read registers and frame buffer 70Tick 71Pl111::read(PacketPtr pkt) 72{ 73 // use a temporary data since the LCD registers are read/written with 74 // different size operations 75 76 uint32_t data = 0; 77 78 if ((pkt->getAddr()& 0xffff0000) == pioAddr) { 79 80 assert(pkt->getAddr() >= pioAddr && 81 pkt->getAddr() < pioAddr + pioSize); 82 83 Addr daddr = pkt->getAddr()&0xFFFF; 84 pkt->allocate(); 85 86 DPRINTF(PL111, " read register %#x size=%d\n", daddr, pkt->getSize()); 87 88 switch (daddr) { 89 case LcdTiming0: 90 data = lcdTiming0; 91 break; 92 case LcdTiming1: 93 data = lcdTiming1; 94 break; 95 case LcdTiming2: 96 data = lcdTiming2; 97 break; 98 case LcdTiming3: 99 data = lcdTiming3; 100 break; 101 case LcdUpBase: 102 data = lcdUpbase; 103 break; 104 case LcdLpBase: 105 data = lcdLpbase; 106 break; 107 case LcdControl: 108 data = lcdControl; 109 break; 110 case LcdImsc: 111 warn("LCD interrupt set/clear function not supported\n"); 112 data = lcdImsc; 113 break; 114 case LcdRis: 115 warn("LCD Raw interrupt status function not supported\n"); 116 data = lcdRis; 117 break; 118 case LcdMis: 119 warn("LCD Masked interrupt status function not supported\n"); 120 data = lcdMis; 121 break; 122 case LcdIcr: 123 panic("LCD register at offset %#x is Write-Only\n", daddr); 124 break; 125 case LcdUpCurr: 126 data = lcdUpcurr; 127 break; 128 case LcdLpCurr: 129 data = lcdLpcurr; 130 break; 131 case ClcdCrsrCtrl: 132 data = clcdCrsrCtrl; 133 break; 134 case ClcdCrsrConfig: 135 data = clcdCrsrConfig; 136 break; 137 case ClcdCrsrPalette0: 138 data = clcdCrsrPalette0; 139 break; 140 case ClcdCrsrPalette1: 141 data = clcdCrsrPalette1; 142 break; 143 case ClcdCrsrXY: 144 data = clcdCrsrXY; 145 break; 146 case ClcdCrsrClip: 147 data = clcdCrsrClip; 148 break; 149 case ClcdCrsrImsc: 150 data = clcdCrsrImsc; 151 break; 152 case ClcdCrsrIcr: 153 panic("CLCD register at offset %#x is Write-Only\n", daddr); 154 break; 155 case ClcdCrsrRis: 156 data = clcdCrsrRis; 157 break; 158 case ClcdCrsrMis: 159 data = clcdCrsrMis; 160 break; 161 default: 162 if (AmbaDev::readId(pkt, AMBA_ID, pioAddr)) { 163 // Hack for variable size accesses 164 data = pkt->get<uint32_t>(); 165 break; 166 } else if (daddr >= CrsrImage && daddr <= 0xBFC) { 167 // CURSOR IMAGE 168 int index; 169 index = (daddr - CrsrImage) >> 2; 170 data= cursorImage[index]; 171 break; 172 } else if (daddr >= LcdPalette && daddr <= 0x3FC) { 173 // LCD Palette 174 int index; 175 index = (daddr - LcdPalette) >> 2; 176 data = lcdPalette[index]; 177 break; 178 } else { 179 panic("Tried to read CLCD register at offset %#x that \ 180 doesn't exist\n", daddr); 181 break; 182 } 183 } 184 } 185 186 switch(pkt->getSize()) { 187 case 1: 188 pkt->set<uint8_t>(data); 189 break; 190 case 2: 191 pkt->set<uint16_t>(data); 192 break; 193 case 4: 194 pkt->set<uint32_t>(data); 195 break; 196 default: 197 panic("CLCD controller read size too big?\n"); 198 break; 199 } 200 201 pkt->makeAtomicResponse(); 202 return pioDelay; 203} 204 205// write registers and frame buffer 206Tick 207Pl111::write(PacketPtr pkt) 208{ 209 // use a temporary data since the LCD registers are read/written with 210 // different size operations 211 // 212 uint32_t data = 0; 213 214 switch(pkt->getSize()) { 215 case 1: 216 data = pkt->get<uint8_t>(); 217 break; 218 case 2: 219 data = pkt->get<uint16_t>(); 220 break; 221 case 4: 222 data = pkt->get<uint32_t>(); 223 break; 224 default: 225 panic("PL111 CLCD controller write size too big?\n"); 226 break; 227 } 228 229 if ((pkt->getAddr()& 0xffff0000) == pioAddr) { 230 231 assert(pkt->getAddr() >= pioAddr && 232 pkt->getAddr() < pioAddr + pioSize); 233 234 Addr daddr = pkt->getAddr() - pioAddr; 235 236 DPRINTF(PL111, " write register %#x value %#x size=%d\n", daddr, 237 pkt->get<uint8_t>(), pkt->getSize()); 238 239 switch (daddr) { 240 case LcdTiming0: 241 lcdTiming0 = data; 242 // width = 16 * (PPL+1) 243 width = (lcdTiming0.ppl + 1) << 4; 244 break; 245 case LcdTiming1: 246 lcdTiming1 = data; 247 // height = LPP + 1 248 height = (lcdTiming1.lpp) + 1; 249 break; 250 case LcdTiming2: 251 lcdTiming2 = data; 252 break; 253 case LcdTiming3: 254 lcdTiming3 = data; 255 break; 256 case LcdUpBase: 257 lcdUpbase = data; 258 break; 259 case LcdLpBase: 260 warn("LCD dual screen mode not supported\n"); 261 lcdLpbase = data; 262 break; 263 case LcdControl: 264 int old_lcdpwr; 265 old_lcdpwr = lcdControl.lcdpwr; 266 lcdControl = data; 267 // LCD power enable 268 if (lcdControl.lcdpwr&&!old_lcdpwr) { 269 DPRINTF(PL111, " lcd size: height %d width %d\n", height, width); 270 waterMark = lcdControl.watermark ? 8 : 4; 271 readFramebuffer(); 272 } 273 break; 274 case LcdImsc: 275 warn("LCD interrupt mask set/clear not supported\n"); 276 lcdImsc = data; 277 break; 278 case LcdRis: 279 warn("LCD register at offset %#x is Read-Only\n", daddr); 280 break; 281 case LcdMis: 282 warn("LCD register at offset %#x is Read-Only\n", daddr); 283 break; 284 case LcdIcr: 285 warn("LCD interrupt clear not supported\n"); 286 lcdIcr = data; 287 break; 288 case LcdUpCurr: 289 warn("LCD register at offset %#x is Read-Only\n", daddr); 290 break; 291 case LcdLpCurr: 292 warn("LCD register at offset %#x is Read-Only\n", daddr); 293 break; 294 case ClcdCrsrCtrl: 295 clcdCrsrCtrl = data; 296 break; 297 case ClcdCrsrConfig: 298 clcdCrsrConfig = data; 299 break; 300 case ClcdCrsrPalette0: 301 clcdCrsrPalette0 = data; 302 break; 303 case ClcdCrsrPalette1: 304 clcdCrsrPalette1 = data; 305 break; 306 case ClcdCrsrXY: 307 clcdCrsrXY = data; 308 break; 309 case ClcdCrsrClip: 310 clcdCrsrClip = data; 311 break; 312 case ClcdCrsrImsc: 313 clcdCrsrImsc = data; 314 break; 315 case ClcdCrsrIcr: 316 clcdCrsrIcr = data; 317 break; 318 case ClcdCrsrRis: 319 warn("CLCD register at offset %#x is Read-Only\n", daddr); 320 break; 321 case ClcdCrsrMis: 322 warn("CLCD register at offset %#x is Read-Only\n", daddr); 323 break; 324 default: 325 if (daddr >= CrsrImage && daddr <= 0xBFC) { 326 // CURSOR IMAGE 327 int index; 328 index = (daddr - CrsrImage) >> 2; 329 cursorImage[index] = data; 330 break; 331 } else if (daddr >= LcdPalette && daddr <= 0x3FC) { 332 // LCD Palette 333 int index; 334 index = (daddr - LcdPalette) >> 2; 335 lcdPalette[index] = data; 336 break; 337 } else { 338 panic("Tried to write PL111 register at offset %#x that \ 339 doesn't exist\n", daddr); 340 break; 341 } 342 } 343 } 344 345 pkt->makeAtomicResponse(); 346 return pioDelay; 347} 348 349void 350Pl111::readFramebuffer() 351{ 352 // initialization for dma read from frame buffer to dma buffer 353 uint32_t length = height*width; 354 if (startAddr != lcdUpbase) { 355 startAddr = lcdUpbase; 356 } 357 curAddr = 0; 358 startTime = curTick(); 359 maxAddr = static_cast<Addr>(length*sizeof(uint32_t)); 360 dmaPendingNum =0 ; 361 362 fillFifo(); 363} 364 365void 366Pl111::fillFifo() 367{ 368 while ((dmaPendingNum < maxOutstandingDma) && (maxAddr >= curAddr + dmaSize )) { 369 // concurrent dma reads need different dma done events 370 // due to assertion in scheduling state 371 ++dmaPendingNum; 372 DPRINTF(PL111, " ++ DMA pending number %d read addr %#x\n", 373 dmaPendingNum, curAddr); 374 assert(!dmaDoneEvent[dmaPendingNum-1].scheduled()); 375 dmaRead(curAddr + startAddr, dmaSize, &dmaDoneEvent[dmaPendingNum-1], 376 curAddr + dmaBuffer); 377 curAddr += dmaSize; 378 } 379} 380 381void 382Pl111::dmaDone() 383{ 384 Tick maxFrameTime = lcdTiming2.cpl*height*clock; 385 386 --dmaPendingNum; 387 388 DPRINTF(PL111, " -- DMA pending number %d\n", dmaPendingNum); 389 390 if (maxAddr == curAddr && !dmaPendingNum) { 391 if ((curTick() - startTime) > maxFrameTime) 392 warn("CLCD controller buffer underrun, took %d cycles when should" 393 " have taken %d\n", curTick() - startTime, maxFrameTime); 394 395 // double buffering so the vnc server doesn't see a tear in the screen 396 memcpy(frameBuffer, dmaBuffer, maxAddr); 397 assert(!readEvent.scheduled()); 398 399 DPRINTF(PL111, "-- write out frame buffer into bmp\n"); 400 writeBMP(frameBuffer); 401 402 DPRINTF(PL111, "-- schedule next dma read event at %d tick \n", 403 maxFrameTime + curTick()); 404 schedule(readEvent, nextCycle(startTime + maxFrameTime)); 405 } 406 407 if (dmaPendingNum > (maxOutstandingDma - waterMark)) 408 return; 409 410 if (!fillFifoEvent.scheduled()) 411 schedule(fillFifoEvent, nextCycle()); 412 413} 414 415Tick 416Pl111::nextCycle() 417{ 418 Tick nextTick = curTick() + clock - 1; 419 nextTick -= nextTick%clock; 420 return nextTick; 421} 422 423Tick 424Pl111::nextCycle(Tick beginTick) 425{ 426 Tick nextTick = beginTick; 427 if (nextTick%clock!=0) 428 nextTick = nextTick - (nextTick%clock) + clock; 429 430 assert(nextTick >= curTick()); 431 return nextTick; 432} 433 434// write out the frame buffer into a bitmap file 435void 436Pl111::writeBMP(uint32_t* frameBuffer) 437{ 438 fstream pic; 439 440 // write out bmp head 441 std::string filename = "./m5out/frameBuffer.bmp"; 442 pic.open(filename.c_str(), ios::out|ios::binary); 443 Bitmap bm(pic, height, width); 444 445 DPRINTF(PL111, "-- write out data into bmp\n"); 446 447 // write out frame buffer data 448 for (int i = height -1; i >= 0; --i) { 449 for (int j = 0; j< width; ++j) { 450 uint32_t pixel = frameBuffer[i*width + j]; 451 pic.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&pixel), 452 sizeof(uint32_t)); 453 DPRINTF(PL111, " write pixel data %#x at addr %#x\n", 454 pixel, i*width + j); 455 } 456 } 457 458 pic.close(); 459} 460 461void 462Pl111::serialize(std::ostream &os) 463{ 464 DPRINTF(PL111, "Serializing ARM PL111\n"); 465 466 uint32_t lcdTiming0_serial = lcdTiming0; 467 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdTiming0_serial); 468 469 uint32_t lcdTiming1_serial = lcdTiming1; 470 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdTiming1_serial); 471 472 uint32_t lcdTiming2_serial = lcdTiming2; 473 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdTiming2_serial); 474 475 uint32_t lcdTiming3_serial = lcdTiming3; 476 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdTiming3_serial); 477 478 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdUpbase); 479 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdLpbase); 480 481 uint32_t lcdControl_serial = lcdControl; 482 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdControl_serial); 483 484 uint8_t lcdImsc_serial = lcdImsc; 485 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdImsc_serial); 486 487 uint8_t lcdRis_serial = lcdRis; 488 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdRis_serial); 489 490 uint8_t lcdMis_serial = lcdMis; 491 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdMis_serial); 492 493 uint8_t lcdIcr_serial = lcdIcr; 494 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdIcr_serial); 495 496 SERIALIZE_ARRAY(lcdPalette, LcdPaletteSize); 497 SERIALIZE_ARRAY(cursorImage, CrsrImageSize); 498 499 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrCtrl); 500 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrConfig); 501 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrPalette0); 502 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrPalette1); 503 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrXY); 504 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrClip); 505 506 uint8_t clcdCrsrImsc_serial = clcdCrsrImsc; 507 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrImsc_serial); 508 509 uint8_t clcdCrsrIcr_serial = clcdCrsrIcr; 510 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrIcr_serial); 511 512 uint8_t clcdCrsrRis_serial = clcdCrsrRis; 513 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrRis_serial); 514 515 uint8_t clcdCrsrMis_serial = clcdCrsrMis; 516 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrMis_serial); 517 518 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(clock); 519 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(height); 520 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(width); 521 522 SERIALIZE_ARRAY(dmaBuffer, height*width); 523 SERIALIZE_ARRAY(frameBuffer, height*width); 524 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(startTime); 525 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(startAddr); 526 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(maxAddr); 527 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(curAddr); 528 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(waterMark); 529 SERIALIZE_SCALAR(dmaPendingNum); 530} 531 532void 533Pl111::unserialize(Checkpoint *cp, const std::string §ion) 534{ 535 DPRINTF(PL111, "Unserializing ARM PL111\n"); 536 537 uint32_t lcdTiming0_serial; 538 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdTiming0_serial); 539 lcdTiming0 = lcdTiming0_serial; 540 541 uint32_t lcdTiming1_serial; 542 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdTiming1_serial); 543 lcdTiming1 = lcdTiming1_serial; 544 545 uint32_t lcdTiming2_serial; 546 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdTiming2_serial); 547 lcdTiming2 = lcdTiming2_serial; 548 549 uint32_t lcdTiming3_serial; 550 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdTiming3_serial); 551 lcdTiming3 = lcdTiming3_serial; 552 553 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdUpbase); 554 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdLpbase); 555 556 uint32_t lcdControl_serial; 557 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdControl_serial); 558 lcdControl = lcdControl_serial; 559 560 uint8_t lcdImsc_serial; 561 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdImsc_serial); 562 lcdImsc = lcdImsc_serial; 563 564 uint8_t lcdRis_serial; 565 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdRis_serial); 566 lcdRis = lcdRis_serial; 567 568 uint8_t lcdMis_serial; 569 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdMis_serial); 570 lcdMis = lcdMis_serial; 571 572 uint8_t lcdIcr_serial; 573 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(lcdIcr_serial); 574 lcdIcr = lcdIcr_serial; 575 576 UNSERIALIZE_ARRAY(lcdPalette, LcdPaletteSize); 577 UNSERIALIZE_ARRAY(cursorImage, CrsrImageSize); 578 579 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrCtrl); 580 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrConfig); 581 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrPalette0); 582 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrPalette1); 583 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrXY); 584 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrClip); 585 586 uint8_t clcdCrsrImsc_serial; 587 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrImsc_serial); 588 clcdCrsrImsc = clcdCrsrImsc_serial; 589 590 uint8_t clcdCrsrIcr_serial; 591 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrIcr_serial); 592 clcdCrsrIcr = clcdCrsrIcr_serial; 593 594 uint8_t clcdCrsrRis_serial; 595 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrRis_serial); 596 clcdCrsrRis = clcdCrsrRis_serial; 597 598 uint8_t clcdCrsrMis_serial; 599 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clcdCrsrMis_serial); 600 clcdCrsrMis = clcdCrsrMis_serial; 601 602 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(clock); 603 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(height); 604 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(width); 605 606 UNSERIALIZE_ARRAY(dmaBuffer, height*width); 607 UNSERIALIZE_ARRAY(frameBuffer, height*width); 608 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(startTime); 609 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(startAddr); 610 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(maxAddr); 611 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(curAddr); 612 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(waterMark); 613 UNSERIALIZE_SCALAR(dmaPendingNum); 614} 615 616void 617Pl111::generateInterrupt() 618{ 619 DPRINTF(PL111, "Generate Interrupt: lcdImsc=0x%x lcdRis=0x%x lcdMis=0x%x\n", 620 lcdImsc, lcdRis, lcdMis); 621 lcdMis = lcdImsc & lcdRis; 622 623 if (lcdMis.ffufie || lcdMis.nbupie || lcdMis.vtcpie || lcdMis.ahmeie) { 624 gic->sendInt(intNum); 625 DPRINTF(PL111, " -- Generated\n"); 626 } 627} 628 629void 630Pl111::addressRanges(AddrRangeList& range_list) 631{ 632 range_list.clear(); 633 range_list.push_back(RangeSize(pioAddr, pioSize)); 634} 635 636Pl111 * 637Pl111Params::create() 638{ 639 return new Pl111(this); 640} 641 642// bitmap class ctor 643Bitmap::Bitmap(std::fstream& bmp, uint16_t h, uint16_t w) 644{ 645 Magic magic = {{'B','M'}}; 646 Header header = {sizeof(Color)*w*h , 0, 0, 54}; 647 Info info = {sizeof(Info), w, h, 1, sizeof(Color)*8, 0, 648 ( sizeof(Color) *(w*h) ), 1, 1, 0, 0}; 649 650 bmp.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&magic), sizeof(magic)); 651 bmp.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&header), sizeof(header)); 652 bmp.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&info), sizeof(info)); 653} 654