test_numpy_array.cpp revision 12391
111986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com/*
211986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    tests/test_numpy_array.cpp -- test core array functionality
311986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
411986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    Copyright (c) 2016 Ivan Smirnov <i.s.smirnov@gmail.com>
511986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
611986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
711986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
811986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com*/
911986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
1011986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com#include "pybind11_tests.h"
1111986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
1211986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com#include <pybind11/numpy.h>
1311986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com#include <pybind11/stl.h>
1411986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
1511986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com#include <cstdint>
1611986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
1711986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.comusing arr = py::array;
1811986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.comusing arr_t = py::array_t<uint16_t, 0>;
1912037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.comstatic_assert(std::is_same<arr_t::value_type, uint16_t>::value, "");
2011986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
2111986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.comtemplate<typename... Ix> arr data(const arr& a, Ix... index) {
2211986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    return arr(a.nbytes() - a.offset_at(index...), (const uint8_t *) a.data(index...));
2311986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com}
2411986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
2511986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.comtemplate<typename... Ix> arr data_t(const arr_t& a, Ix... index) {
2611986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    return arr(a.size() - a.index_at(index...), a.data(index...));
2711986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com}
2811986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
2911986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.comtemplate<typename... Ix> arr& mutate_data(arr& a, Ix... index) {
3011986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    auto ptr = (uint8_t *) a.mutable_data(index...);
3112391Sjason@lowepower.com    for (ssize_t i = 0; i < a.nbytes() - a.offset_at(index...); i++)
3211986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        ptr[i] = (uint8_t) (ptr[i] * 2);
3311986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    return a;
3411986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com}
3511986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
3611986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.comtemplate<typename... Ix> arr_t& mutate_data_t(arr_t& a, Ix... index) {
3711986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    auto ptr = a.mutable_data(index...);
3812391Sjason@lowepower.com    for (ssize_t i = 0; i < a.size() - a.index_at(index...); i++)
3911986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        ptr[i]++;
4011986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    return a;
4111986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com}
4211986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
4312391Sjason@lowepower.comtemplate<typename... Ix> ssize_t index_at(const arr& a, Ix... idx) { return a.index_at(idx...); }
4412391Sjason@lowepower.comtemplate<typename... Ix> ssize_t index_at_t(const arr_t& a, Ix... idx) { return a.index_at(idx...); }
4512391Sjason@lowepower.comtemplate<typename... Ix> ssize_t offset_at(const arr& a, Ix... idx) { return a.offset_at(idx...); }
4612391Sjason@lowepower.comtemplate<typename... Ix> ssize_t offset_at_t(const arr_t& a, Ix... idx) { return a.offset_at(idx...); }
4712391Sjason@lowepower.comtemplate<typename... Ix> ssize_t at_t(const arr_t& a, Ix... idx) { return a.at(idx...); }
4811986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.comtemplate<typename... Ix> arr_t& mutate_at_t(arr_t& a, Ix... idx) { a.mutable_at(idx...)++; return a; }
4911986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
5011986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com#define def_index_fn(name, type) \
5111986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def(#name, [](type a) { return name(a); }); \
5211986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def(#name, [](type a, int i) { return name(a, i); }); \
5311986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def(#name, [](type a, int i, int j) { return name(a, i, j); }); \
5411986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def(#name, [](type a, int i, int j, int k) { return name(a, i, j, k); });
5511986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
5612037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.comtemplate <typename T, typename T2> py::handle auxiliaries(T &&r, T2 &&r2) {
5712037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    if (r.ndim() != 2) throw std::domain_error("error: ndim != 2");
5812037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    py::list l;
5912037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    l.append(*r.data(0, 0));
6012037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    l.append(*r2.mutable_data(0, 0));
6112037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    l.append(r.data(0, 1) == r2.mutable_data(0, 1));
6212037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    l.append(r.ndim());
6312037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    l.append(r.itemsize());
6412037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    l.append(r.shape(0));
6512037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    l.append(r.shape(1));
6612037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    l.append(r.size());
6712037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    l.append(r.nbytes());
6812037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    return l.release();
6912037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com}
7012037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
7112391Sjason@lowepower.comTEST_SUBMODULE(numpy_array, sm) {
7212391Sjason@lowepower.com    try { py::module::import("numpy"); }
7312391Sjason@lowepower.com    catch (...) { return; }
7411986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
7512391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_array_attributes
7611986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("ndim", [](const arr& a) { return a.ndim(); });
7711986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("shape", [](const arr& a) { return arr(a.ndim(), a.shape()); });
7812391Sjason@lowepower.com    sm.def("shape", [](const arr& a, ssize_t dim) { return a.shape(dim); });
7911986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("strides", [](const arr& a) { return arr(a.ndim(), a.strides()); });
8012391Sjason@lowepower.com    sm.def("strides", [](const arr& a, ssize_t dim) { return a.strides(dim); });
8111986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("writeable", [](const arr& a) { return a.writeable(); });
8211986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("size", [](const arr& a) { return a.size(); });
8311986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("itemsize", [](const arr& a) { return a.itemsize(); });
8411986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("nbytes", [](const arr& a) { return a.nbytes(); });
8511986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("owndata", [](const arr& a) { return a.owndata(); });
8611986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
8712391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_index_offset
8811986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    def_index_fn(index_at, const arr&);
8911986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    def_index_fn(index_at_t, const arr_t&);
9011986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    def_index_fn(offset_at, const arr&);
9111986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    def_index_fn(offset_at_t, const arr_t&);
9212391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_data
9312391Sjason@lowepower.com    def_index_fn(data, const arr&);
9412391Sjason@lowepower.com    def_index_fn(data_t, const arr_t&);
9512391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_mutate_data, test_mutate_readonly
9611986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    def_index_fn(mutate_data, arr&);
9711986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    def_index_fn(mutate_data_t, arr_t&);
9811986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    def_index_fn(at_t, const arr_t&);
9911986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    def_index_fn(mutate_at_t, arr_t&);
10011986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
10112391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_make_c_f_array
10212391Sjason@lowepower.com    sm.def("make_f_array", [] { return py::array_t<float>({ 2, 2 }, { 4, 8 }); });
10312391Sjason@lowepower.com    sm.def("make_c_array", [] { return py::array_t<float>({ 2, 2 }, { 8, 4 }); });
10411986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
10512391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_wrap
10611986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("wrap", [](py::array a) {
10711986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        return py::array(
10811986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com            a.dtype(),
10912391Sjason@lowepower.com            {a.shape(), a.shape() + a.ndim()},
11012391Sjason@lowepower.com            {a.strides(), a.strides() + a.ndim()},
11111986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com            a.data(),
11211986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com            a
11311986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        );
11411986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    });
11511986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
11612391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_numpy_view
11711986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    struct ArrayClass {
11811986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        int data[2] = { 1, 2 };
11911986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        ArrayClass() { py::print("ArrayClass()"); }
12011986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        ~ArrayClass() { py::print("~ArrayClass()"); }
12111986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    };
12211986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    py::class_<ArrayClass>(sm, "ArrayClass")
12311986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        .def(py::init<>())
12411986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        .def("numpy_view", [](py::object &obj) {
12511986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com            py::print("ArrayClass::numpy_view()");
12611986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com            ArrayClass &a = obj.cast<ArrayClass&>();
12711986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com            return py::array_t<int>({2}, {4}, a.data, obj);
12811986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        }
12911986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    );
13011986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
13112391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_cast_numpy_int64_to_uint64
13211986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("function_taking_uint64", [](uint64_t) { });
13311986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
13412391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_isinstance
13511986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("isinstance_untyped", [](py::object yes, py::object no) {
13611986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        return py::isinstance<py::array>(yes) && !py::isinstance<py::array>(no);
13711986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    });
13811986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("isinstance_typed", [](py::object o) {
13911986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        return py::isinstance<py::array_t<double>>(o) && !py::isinstance<py::array_t<int>>(o);
14011986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    });
14111986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
14212391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_constructors
14311986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("default_constructors", []() {
14411986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        return py::dict(
14511986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com            "array"_a=py::array(),
14611986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com            "array_t<int32>"_a=py::array_t<std::int32_t>(),
14711986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com            "array_t<double>"_a=py::array_t<double>()
14811986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        );
14911986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    });
15011986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("converting_constructors", [](py::object o) {
15111986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        return py::dict(
15211986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com            "array"_a=py::array(o),
15311986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com            "array_t<int32>"_a=py::array_t<std::int32_t>(o),
15411986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com            "array_t<double>"_a=py::array_t<double>(o)
15511986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        );
15611986Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    });
15712037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
15812391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_overload_resolution
15912037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded", [](py::array_t<double>) { return "double"; });
16012037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded", [](py::array_t<float>) { return "float"; });
16112037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded", [](py::array_t<int>) { return "int"; });
16212037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded", [](py::array_t<unsigned short>) { return "unsigned short"; });
16312037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded", [](py::array_t<long long>) { return "long long"; });
16412037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded", [](py::array_t<std::complex<double>>) { return "double complex"; });
16512037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded", [](py::array_t<std::complex<float>>) { return "float complex"; });
16612037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
16712037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded2", [](py::array_t<std::complex<double>>) { return "double complex"; });
16812037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded2", [](py::array_t<double>) { return "double"; });
16912037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded2", [](py::array_t<std::complex<float>>) { return "float complex"; });
17012037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded2", [](py::array_t<float>) { return "float"; });
17112037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
17212037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    // Only accept the exact types:
17312037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded3", [](py::array_t<int>) { return "int"; }, py::arg().noconvert());
17412037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded3", [](py::array_t<double>) { return "double"; }, py::arg().noconvert());
17512037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
17612037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    // Make sure we don't do unsafe coercion (e.g. float to int) when not using forcecast, but
17712037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    // rather that float gets converted via the safe (conversion to double) overload:
17812037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded4", [](py::array_t<long long, 0>) { return "long long"; });
17912037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded4", [](py::array_t<double, 0>) { return "double"; });
18012037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
18112037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    // But we do allow conversion to int if forcecast is enabled (but only if no overload matches
18212037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    // without conversion)
18312037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded5", [](py::array_t<unsigned int>) { return "unsigned int"; });
18412037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("overloaded5", [](py::array_t<double>) { return "double"; });
18512037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
18612391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_greedy_string_overload
18712037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    // Issue 685: ndarray shouldn't go to std::string overload
18812037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("issue685", [](std::string) { return "string"; });
18912037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("issue685", [](py::array) { return "array"; });
19012037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("issue685", [](py::object) { return "other"; });
19112037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
19212391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_array_unchecked_fixed_dims
19312037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("proxy_add2", [](py::array_t<double> a, double v) {
19412037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        auto r = a.mutable_unchecked<2>();
19512391Sjason@lowepower.com        for (ssize_t i = 0; i < r.shape(0); i++)
19612391Sjason@lowepower.com            for (ssize_t j = 0; j < r.shape(1); j++)
19712037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com                r(i, j) += v;
19812037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    }, py::arg().noconvert(), py::arg());
19912037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
20012037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("proxy_init3", [](double start) {
20112037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        py::array_t<double, py::array::c_style> a({ 3, 3, 3 });
20212037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        auto r = a.mutable_unchecked<3>();
20312391Sjason@lowepower.com        for (ssize_t i = 0; i < r.shape(0); i++)
20412391Sjason@lowepower.com        for (ssize_t j = 0; j < r.shape(1); j++)
20512391Sjason@lowepower.com        for (ssize_t k = 0; k < r.shape(2); k++)
20612037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com            r(i, j, k) = start++;
20712037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        return a;
20812037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    });
20912037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("proxy_init3F", [](double start) {
21012037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        py::array_t<double, py::array::f_style> a({ 3, 3, 3 });
21112037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        auto r = a.mutable_unchecked<3>();
21212391Sjason@lowepower.com        for (ssize_t k = 0; k < r.shape(2); k++)
21312391Sjason@lowepower.com        for (ssize_t j = 0; j < r.shape(1); j++)
21412391Sjason@lowepower.com        for (ssize_t i = 0; i < r.shape(0); i++)
21512037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com            r(i, j, k) = start++;
21612037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        return a;
21712037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    });
21812037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("proxy_squared_L2_norm", [](py::array_t<double> a) {
21912037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        auto r = a.unchecked<1>();
22012037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        double sumsq = 0;
22112391Sjason@lowepower.com        for (ssize_t i = 0; i < r.shape(0); i++)
22212037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com            sumsq += r[i] * r(i); // Either notation works for a 1D array
22312037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        return sumsq;
22412037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    });
22512037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
22612037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("proxy_auxiliaries2", [](py::array_t<double> a) {
22712037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        auto r = a.unchecked<2>();
22812037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        auto r2 = a.mutable_unchecked<2>();
22912037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        return auxiliaries(r, r2);
23012037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    });
23112037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
23212391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_array_unchecked_dyn_dims
23312037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    // Same as the above, but without a compile-time dimensions specification:
23412037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("proxy_add2_dyn", [](py::array_t<double> a, double v) {
23512037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        auto r = a.mutable_unchecked();
23612037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        if (r.ndim() != 2) throw std::domain_error("error: ndim != 2");
23712391Sjason@lowepower.com        for (ssize_t i = 0; i < r.shape(0); i++)
23812391Sjason@lowepower.com            for (ssize_t j = 0; j < r.shape(1); j++)
23912037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com                r(i, j) += v;
24012037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    }, py::arg().noconvert(), py::arg());
24112037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("proxy_init3_dyn", [](double start) {
24212037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        py::array_t<double, py::array::c_style> a({ 3, 3, 3 });
24312037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        auto r = a.mutable_unchecked();
24412037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        if (r.ndim() != 3) throw std::domain_error("error: ndim != 3");
24512391Sjason@lowepower.com        for (ssize_t i = 0; i < r.shape(0); i++)
24612391Sjason@lowepower.com        for (ssize_t j = 0; j < r.shape(1); j++)
24712391Sjason@lowepower.com        for (ssize_t k = 0; k < r.shape(2); k++)
24812037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com            r(i, j, k) = start++;
24912037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        return a;
25012037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    });
25112037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("proxy_auxiliaries2_dyn", [](py::array_t<double> a) {
25212037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        return auxiliaries(a.unchecked(), a.mutable_unchecked());
25312037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    });
25412037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com
25512037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    sm.def("array_auxiliaries2", [](py::array_t<double> a) {
25612037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com        return auxiliaries(a, a);
25712037Sandreas.sandberg@arm.com    });
25812391Sjason@lowepower.com
25912391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_array_failures
26012391Sjason@lowepower.com    // Issue #785: Uninformative "Unknown internal error" exception when constructing array from empty object:
26112391Sjason@lowepower.com    sm.def("array_fail_test", []() { return py::array(py::object()); });
26212391Sjason@lowepower.com    sm.def("array_t_fail_test", []() { return py::array_t<double>(py::object()); });
26312391Sjason@lowepower.com    // Make sure the error from numpy is being passed through:
26412391Sjason@lowepower.com    sm.def("array_fail_test_negative_size", []() { int c = 0; return py::array(-1, &c); });
26512391Sjason@lowepower.com
26612391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_initializer_list
26712391Sjason@lowepower.com    // Issue (unnumbered; reported in #788): regression: initializer lists can be ambiguous
26812391Sjason@lowepower.com    sm.def("array_initializer_list1", []() { return py::array_t<float>(1); }); // { 1 } also works, but clang warns about it
26912391Sjason@lowepower.com    sm.def("array_initializer_list2", []() { return py::array_t<float>({ 1, 2 }); });
27012391Sjason@lowepower.com    sm.def("array_initializer_list3", []() { return py::array_t<float>({ 1, 2, 3 }); });
27112391Sjason@lowepower.com    sm.def("array_initializer_list4", []() { return py::array_t<float>({ 1, 2, 3, 4 }); });
27212391Sjason@lowepower.com
27312391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_array_resize
27412391Sjason@lowepower.com    // reshape array to 2D without changing size
27512391Sjason@lowepower.com    sm.def("array_reshape2", [](py::array_t<double> a) {
27612391Sjason@lowepower.com        const ssize_t dim_sz = (ssize_t)std::sqrt(a.size());
27712391Sjason@lowepower.com        if (dim_sz * dim_sz != a.size())
27812391Sjason@lowepower.com            throw std::domain_error("array_reshape2: input array total size is not a squared integer");
27912391Sjason@lowepower.com        a.resize({dim_sz, dim_sz});
28012391Sjason@lowepower.com    });
28112391Sjason@lowepower.com
28212391Sjason@lowepower.com    // resize to 3D array with each dimension = N
28312391Sjason@lowepower.com    sm.def("array_resize3", [](py::array_t<double> a, size_t N, bool refcheck) {
28412391Sjason@lowepower.com        a.resize({N, N, N}, refcheck);
28512391Sjason@lowepower.com    });
28612391Sjason@lowepower.com
28712391Sjason@lowepower.com    // test_array_create_and_resize
28812391Sjason@lowepower.com    // return 2D array with Nrows = Ncols = N
28912391Sjason@lowepower.com    sm.def("create_and_resize", [](size_t N) {
29012391Sjason@lowepower.com        py::array_t<double> a;
29112391Sjason@lowepower.com        a.resize({N, N});
29212391Sjason@lowepower.com        std::fill(a.mutable_data(), a.mutable_data() + a.size(), 42.);
29312391Sjason@lowepower.com        return a;
29412391Sjason@lowepower.com    });
29512391Sjason@lowepower.com}
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