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1/*
2 * Copyright (c) 2012, 2014, 2017-2019 ARM Limited
3 * All rights reserved
4 *
5 * The license below extends only to copyright in the software and shall
6 * not be construed as granting a license to any other intellectual
7 * property including but not limited to intellectual property relating
8 * to a hardware implementation of the functionality of the software
9 * licensed hereunder. You may use the software subject to the license
10 * terms below provided that you ensure that this notice is replicated

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58 * The AddrRange class encapsulates an address range, and supports a
59 * number of tests to check if two ranges intersect, if a range
60 * contains a specific address etc. Besides a basic range, the
61 * AddrRange also support interleaved ranges, to stripe across cache
62 * banks, or memory controllers. The interleaving is implemented by
63 * allowing a number of bits of the address, at an arbitrary bit
64 * position, to be used as interleaving bits with an associated
65 * matching value. In addition, to prevent uniformly strided address
66 * patterns from a very biased interleaving, we also allow XOR-based
67 * hashing by specifying a set of bits to XOR with before matching.
68 *
69 * The AddrRange is also able to coalesce a number of interleaved
70 * ranges to a contiguous range.
71 */
72class AddrRange
73{
74
75 private:
76
77 /// Private fields for the start and end of the range
78 /// Both _start and _end are part of the range.
79 Addr _start;
80 Addr _end;
81
82 /**
83 * Each mask determines the bits we need to xor to get one bit of
84 * sel. The first (0) mask is used to get the LSB and the last for
85 * the MSB of sel.
86 */
87 std::vector<Addr> masks;
88
89 /** The value to compare sel with. */
90 uint8_t intlvMatch;
91
92 public:
93
94 AddrRange()
95 : _start(1), _end(0), intlvMatch(0)
96 {}
97
98 /**
99 * Construct an address range
100 *
101 * If the user provides a non empty vector of masks then the
102 * address range is interleaved. Each mask determines a set of
103 * bits that are xored to determine one bit of the sel value,
104 * starting from the least significant bit (i.e., masks[0]
105 * determines the least significant bit of sel, ...). If sel
106 * matches the provided _intlv_match then the address a is in the
107 * range.
108 *
109 * For example if the input mask is
110 * _masks = { 1 << 8 | 1 << 11 | 1 << 13,
111 * 1 << 15 | 1 << 17 | 1 << 19}
112 *
113 * Then a belongs to the address range if
114 * _start <= a < _end
115 * and
116 * sel == _intlv_match
117 * where
118 * sel[0] = a[8] ^ a[11] ^ a[13]
119 * sel[1] = a[15] ^ a[17] ^ a[19]
120 *
121 * @param _start The start address of this range
122 * @param _end The end address of this range (not included in the range)
123 * @param _masks The input vector of masks
124 * @param intlv_math The matching value of the xor operations
125 */
126 AddrRange(Addr _start, Addr _end, const std::vector<Addr> &_masks,
127 uint8_t _intlv_match)
128 : _start(_start), _end(_end), masks(_masks),
129 intlvMatch(_intlv_match)
130 {
131 // sanity checks
132 fatal_if(!masks.empty() && _intlv_match >= ULL(1) << masks.size(),
133 "Match value %d does not fit in %d interleaving bits\n",
134 _intlv_match, masks.size());
135 }
136
137 /**
138 * Legacy constructor of AddrRange
139 *
140 * If the user provides a non-zero value in _intlv_high_bit the
141 * address range is interleaved.
142 *
143 * An address a belongs to the address range if
144 * _start <= a < _end
145 * and
146 * sel == _intlv_match
147 * where
148 * sel = sel1 ^ sel2
149 * sel1 = a[_intlv_low_bit:_intlv_high_bit]
150 * sel2 = a[_xor_low_bit:_xor_high_bit]
151 * _intlv_low_bit = _intlv_high_bit - intv_bits
152 * _xor_low_bit = _xor_high_bit - intv_bits
153 *
154 * @param _start The start address of this range
155 * @param _end The end address of this range (not included in the range)
156 * @param _intlv_high_bit The MSB of the intlv bits (disabled if 0)
157 * @param _xor_high_bit The MSB of the xor bit (disabled if 0)
158 * @param intlv_math The matching value of the xor operations
159 */
160 AddrRange(Addr _start, Addr _end, uint8_t _intlv_high_bit,
161 uint8_t _xor_high_bit, uint8_t _intlv_bits,
162 uint8_t _intlv_match)
163 : _start(_start), _end(_end), masks(_intlv_bits),
164 intlvMatch(_intlv_match)
165 {
166 // sanity checks
167 fatal_if(_intlv_bits && _intlv_match >= ULL(1) << _intlv_bits,
168 "Match value %d does not fit in %d interleaving bits\n",
169 _intlv_match, _intlv_bits);
170
171 // ignore the XOR bits if not interleaving
172 if (_intlv_bits && _xor_high_bit) {
173 if (_xor_high_bit == _intlv_high_bit) {
174 fatal("XOR and interleave high bit must be different\n");
175 } else if (_xor_high_bit > _intlv_high_bit) {
176 if ((_xor_high_bit - _intlv_high_bit) < _intlv_bits)
177 fatal("XOR and interleave high bit must be at least "
178 "%d bits apart\n", _intlv_bits);
179 } else {
180 if ((_intlv_high_bit - _xor_high_bit) < _intlv_bits) {
181 fatal("Interleave and XOR high bit must be at least "
182 "%d bits apart\n", _intlv_bits);
183 }
184 }
185 }
186
187 for (auto i = 0; i < _intlv_bits; i++) {
188 uint8_t bit1 = _intlv_high_bit - i;
189 Addr mask = (1ULL << bit1);
190 if (_xor_high_bit) {
191 uint8_t bit2 = _xor_high_bit - i;
192 mask |= (1ULL << bit2);
193 }
194 masks[_intlv_bits - i - 1] = mask;
195 }
196 }
197
198 AddrRange(Addr _start, Addr _end)
199 : _start(_start), _end(_end), intlvMatch(0)
200 {}
201
202 /**
203 * Create an address range by merging a collection of interleaved
204 * ranges.
205 *
206 * @param ranges Interleaved ranges to be merged
207 */
208 AddrRange(const std::vector<AddrRange>& ranges)
209 : _start(1), _end(0), intlvMatch(0)
210 {
211 if (!ranges.empty()) {
212 // get the values from the first one and check the others
213 _start = ranges.front()._start;
214 _end = ranges.front()._end;
215 masks = ranges.front().masks;
216
217 if (ranges.size() != (ULL(1) << masks.size()))
218 fatal("Got %d ranges spanning %d interleaving bits\n",
219 ranges.size(), masks.size());
220
221 uint8_t match = 0;
222 for (const auto& r : ranges) {
223 if (!mergesWith(r))
224 fatal("Can only merge ranges with the same start, end "
225 "and interleaving bits, %s %s\n", to_string(),
226 r.to_string());
227
228 if (r.intlvMatch != match)
229 fatal("Expected interleave match %d but got %d when "
230 "merging\n", match, r.intlvMatch);
231 ++match;
232 }
233 masks.clear();
234 }
235 }
236
237 /**
238 * Determine if the range is interleaved or not.
239 *
240 * @return true if interleaved
241 */
242 bool interleaved() const { return masks.size() > 0; }
243
244 /**
245 * Determing the interleaving granularity of the range.
246 *
247 * @return The size of the regions created by the interleaving bits
248 */
249 uint64_t granularity() const
250 {
251 if (interleaved()) {
252 auto combined_mask = 0;
253 for (auto mask: masks) {
254 combined_mask |= mask;
255 }
256 const uint8_t lowest_bit = ctz64(combined_mask);
257 return ULL(1) << lowest_bit;
258 } else {
259 return size();
260 }
261 }
262
263 /**
264 * Determine the number of interleaved address stripes this range
265 * is part of.
266 *
267 * @return The number of stripes spanned by the interleaving bits
268 */
269 uint32_t stripes() const { return ULL(1) << masks.size(); }
270
271 /**
272 * Get the size of the address range. For a case where
273 * interleaving is used we make the simplifying assumption that
274 * the size is a divisible by the size of the interleaving slice.
275 */
276 Addr size() const
277 {
278 return (_end - _start + 1) >> masks.size();
279 }
280
281 /**
282 * Determine if the range is valid.
283 */
284 bool valid() const { return _start <= _end; }
285
286 /**

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296 /**
297 * Get a string representation of the range. This could
298 * alternatively be implemented as a operator<<, but at the moment
299 * that seems like overkill.
300 */
301 std::string to_string() const
302 {
303 if (interleaved()) {
304 std::string str;
305 for (int i = 0; i < masks.size(); i++) {
306 str += " ";
307 Addr mask = masks[i];
308 while (mask) {
309 auto bit = ctz64(mask);
310 mask &= ~(1ULL << bit);
311 str += csprintf("a[%d]^", bit);
312 }
313 str += csprintf("\b=%d", bits(intlvMatch, i));
314 }
315 return csprintf("[%#llx:%#llx]%s", _start, _end, str);
316 } else {
317 return csprintf("[%#llx:%#llx]", _start, _end);
318 }
319 }
320
321 /**
322 * Determine if another range merges with the current one, i.e. if
323 * they are part of the same contigous range and have the same
324 * interleaving bits.
325 *
326 * @param r Range to evaluate merging with
327 * @return true if the two ranges would merge
328 */
329 bool mergesWith(const AddrRange& r) const
330 {
331 return r._start == _start && r._end == _end &&
332 r.masks == masks;
333 }
334
335 /**
336 * Determine if another range intersects this one, i.e. if there
337 * is an address that is both in this range and the other
338 * range. No check is made to ensure either range is valid.
339 *
340 * @param r Range to intersect with

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396 * @return true if the address is in the range
397 */
398 bool contains(const Addr& a) const
399 {
400 // check if the address is in the range and if there is either
401 // no interleaving, or with interleaving also if the selected
402 // bits from the address match the interleaving value
403 bool in_range = a >= _start && a <= _end;
404 if (in_range) {
405 auto sel = 0;
406 for (int i = 0; i < masks.size(); i++) {
407 Addr masked = a & masks[i];
408 // The result of an xor operation is 1 if the number
409 // of bits set is odd or 0 othersize, thefore it
410 // suffices to count the number of bits set to
411 // determine the i-th bit of sel.
412 sel |= (popCount(masked) % 2) << i;
413 }
414 return sel == intlvMatch;
415 }
416 return false;
417 }
418
419 /**
420 * Remove the interleaving bits from an input address.
421 *
422 * This function returns a new address in a continous range [
423 * start, start + size / intlv_bits). We can achieve this by
424 * discarding the LSB in each mask.
425 *
426 * e.g., if the input address is of the form:
427 * ------------------------------------
428 * | a_high | x1 | a_mid | x0 | a_low |
429 * ------------------------------------
430 * where x0 is the LSB set in masks[0]
431 * and x1 is the LSB set in masks[1]
432 *
433 * this function will return:
434 * ---------------------------------
435 * | 0 | a_high | a_mid | a_low |
436 * ---------------------------------
437 *
438 * @param the input address
439 * @return the new address
440 */
441 inline Addr removeIntlvBits(Addr a) const
442 {
443 // Get the LSB set from each mask
444 int masks_lsb[masks.size()];
445 for (int i = 0; i < masks.size(); i++) {
446 masks_lsb[i] = ctz64(masks[i]);
447 }
448
449 // we need to sort the list of bits we will discard as we
450 // discard them one by one starting.
451 std::sort(masks_lsb, masks_lsb + masks.size());
452
453 for (int i = 0; i < masks.size(); i++) {
454 const int intlv_bit = masks_lsb[i];
455 if (intlv_bit > 0) {
456 // on every iteration we remove one bit from the input
457 // address, and therefore the lowest invtl_bit has
458 // also shifted to the right by i positions.
459 a = insertBits(a >> 1, intlv_bit - i - 1, 0, a);
460 } else {
461 a >>= 1;
462 }
463 }
464 return a;
465 }
466
467 /**
468 * Determine the offset of an address within the range.
469 *
470 * This function returns the offset of the given address from the
471 * starting address discarding any bits that are used for
472 * interleaving. This way we can convert the input address to a

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502 else
503 // for now assume that the end is also the same, and that
504 // we are looking at the same interleaving bits
505 return intlvMatch < r.intlvMatch;
506 }
507
508 bool operator==(const AddrRange& r) const
509 {
510 if (_start != r._start) return false;
511 if (_end != r._end) return false;
512 if (masks != r.masks) return false;
513 if (intlvMatch != r.intlvMatch) return false;
514
515 return true;
516 }
517
518 bool operator!=(const AddrRange& r) const
519 {
520 return !(*this == r);
521 }
522};

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